【正文】 re than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses flu A, B and C. There is no cure for eitherillness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine ( ~~ ), which is, for most people, the bestway to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and mon cold have manysimilarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradu ally, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the character istic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches e on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flulike symptoms. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with overthecounter medications as well. However,children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome(綜合癥 ) ， a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous syndrome . There is, of course, no vaccine for the mon cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of Catching one. 11. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help A) shorten the duration of the illness B) the patient buy medicine over the counter C) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs D) prevent people from catching colds and the flu 12. We learn from the passage that A) one doesn39。t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu B) aspirin should not be included in overthecounter medicines for the flu C) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system D) overthecounter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu 13. According to the passage, to bat the flu effectively, A) one should identify the virus which causes it B) one should consult a doctor as soon as possible C) one should take medicine upon catching the disease D) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading 14. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold? A)A stuffy nose. B) A high temperature. Ci A sore throat. D) A dry cough. 15. If children have flulike symptoms, their parents A) are advised not to give them aspirin B) should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome C) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination D) should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever Passage Two Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans ex pected to find. In39。most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答問(wèn)卷者 )listed to give children a good start39。academically as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for success ful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and math ematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents. In the recent parison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japa nese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three rea sons for a society to have preschools. Sixtytwo percent of the more individually oriented (強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性發(fā)展的 ) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education. Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a universitybased program, it will increase the children39。s chances of eventually being admitted to toprated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens. 16. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe A) Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents B) Japan39。s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements C) Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction D)Japan39。s higher education is superior to theirs 17. Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to A) problem solving