【正文】 nal Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 16 SIX SIGMA COMPARISON Focus on Pr e v e ntio n Focus on Fi re figh tingLow cos t/hi gh through put H ig h c ost/low throu ghp utPok a Yoke Control Str a te gi e s R e li a nce o n Tes t and I nspe c tionSta bl e /Pre di c ta bl e Proc e s s e s Pr oce s s e s b a s e d on R a ndo m Proba bi li tyPr oac tive R e a c tiveLow F a il ure Ra te s H ig h Failure Ra te sFocus on Lon g Ter m Focus on Short Ter mEffic ient Was te fulMa nage b y Metr ics and Analy s is Ma nage b y 揝 e a t of the pants ”Six Sigma Traditional “ SIX SIGMA TAKES US FROM FIXING PRODUCTS SO THEY ARE EXCELLENT, TO FIXING PROCESSES SO THEY PRODUCE EXCELLENT PRODUCTS” Dr. Gee Sarney, President, Siebe Control Systems 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 17 IMPROVEMENT ROADMAP Breakthrough Strategy Characterization Phase 1: Measurement Phase 2: Analysis Optimization Phase 3: Improvement Phase 4: Control ?Define the problem and verify the primary and secondary measurement systems. ?Identify the few factors which are directly influencing the problem. ?Determine values for the few contributing factors which resolve the problem. ?Determine long term control measures which will ensure that the contributing factors remain controlled. Objective 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 18 Measurements are critical... ?If we can’t accurately measure something, we really don’t know much about it. ?If we don’t know much about it, we can’t control it. ?If we can’t control it, we are at the mercy of chance. 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 19 WHY STATISTICS? THE ROLE OF STATISTICS IN SIX SIGMA.. ? WE DON’T KNOW WHAT WE DON’T KNOW ? IF WE DON’T HAVE DATA, WE DON’T KNOW ? IF WE DON’T KNOW, WE CAN NOT ACT ? IF WE CAN NOT ACT, THE RISK IS HIGH ? IF WE DO KNOW AND ACT, THE RISK IS MANAGED ? IF WE DO KNOW AND DO NOT ACT, WE DESERVE THE LOSS. DR. Mikel J. Harry ? TO GET DATA WE MUST MEASURE ? DATA MUST BE CONVERTED TO INFORMATION ? INFORMATION IS DERIVED FROM DATA THROUGH STATISTICS USLT?LSL169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 20 WHY STATISTICS? THE ROLE OF STATISTICS IN SIX SIGMA.. ? Ignorance is not bliss, it is the food of failure and the breeding ground for loss. DR. Mikel J. Harry ? Years ago a statistician might have claimed that statistics dealt with the processing of data…. ? Today’s statistician will be more likely to say that statistics is concerned with decision making in the face of uncertainty. Bartlett USLT?LSL169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 21 ?Sales Receipts ?On Time Delivery ?Process Capacity ?Order Fulfillment Time ?Reduction of Waste ?Product Development Time ?Process Yields ?Scrap Reduction ?Inventory Reduction ?Floor Space Utilization WHAT DOES IT MEAN? Random Chance or Certainty…. Which would you choose….? 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 22 Learning Objectives ? Have a broad understanding of statistical concepts and tools. ? Understand how statistical concepts can be used to improve business processes. ? Understand the relationship between the curriculum and the four step six sigma problem solving process (Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control). 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 23 RED BEAD EXPERIMENT 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 24 Learning Objectives ? Have an understanding of the difference between random variation and a statistically significant event. ? Understand the difference between attempting to manage an oute (Y) as opposed to managing upstream effects (x’s). ? Understand how the concept of statistical significance can be used to improve business processes. 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 25 WELCOME TO THE WHITE BEAD FACTORY HIRING NEEDS BEADS ARE OUR BUSINESS ?PRODUCTION SUPERVISOR ?4 PRODUCTION WORKERS ?2 INSPECTORS ?1 INSPECTION SUPERVISOR ?1 TALLY KEEPER 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 26 STANDING ORDERS ? Follow the process exactly. ? Do not improvise or vary from the documented process. ? Your performance will be based solely on your ability to produce white beads. ? No questions will be allowed after the initial training period. ? Your defect quota is no more than 5 off color beads allowed per paddle. 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ? 27 WHITE BEAD MANUFACTURING PROCESS PROCEDURES ? The operator will take the bead paddle in the right hand. ? Insert the bead paddle at a 45 degree angle into the bead bowl. ? Agitate the bead paddle gently in the bead bowl until all spaces are filled. ? Gently withdraw the bead paddle from the bowl at a 45 degree angle and allow the free beads to run off. ? Without touching the beads, show the paddle to inspector 1 and wait until the off color beads are tallied. ? Move to inspector 2 and wait until the off color beads are tallied. ? Inspector 1 and 2 show their tallies to the inspection supervisor. If they agree, the inspection supervisor announces the count and the tally keeper will record the result. If they do not agree, the inspection supervisor will direct the inspectors to recount the paddle. ? When the count is plete, the operator will return all the beads to the bowl and hand the paddle to the next operator. 169。The National Graduate School of Quality Management v7 ?