【正文】 ek from . Habitat, a United Nations agency. A century ago, __42__ than five percent of all people lived in cities. By the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or __43__ six and a half billion people. Already threefourths of people in __44__ countries live in cities. Now most urban population __45__ is in the developing world. Urbanization can __46__ to social and economic progress, but also put __47__ on cities to provide housing and __48__ . The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move into cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities, __49__ by social divisions and differences in __50__ , could result in violence and crime __51__ cities plan better. Another issue is urban sprawl (無(wú)序擴(kuò)展的城區(qū) ). This is where cities __52__ quickly into rural areas, sometimes at a much faster rate than urban population growth. Sprawl is mon in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the __53__ cities to smaller ones. He sees a __54__ toward “deurbanization” across the nation. But urban economies still provide many __55__ that rural areas do not. 41. A. came on B. came off C. came over D. came out 42. A. more B. other C. less D. rather 43. A. really B. barely C. ever D. almost 44. A. flourishing B. developed C. thriving D. fertile 45. A. extension B. addition C. raise D. growth 46. A. keep B. turn C. lead D. refer 47. A. pressure B. load C. restraint D. weight 48. A. surroundings B. munities C. concerns D. services 49. A. pulled B. driven C. drawn D. pressed 50. A. situation B. wealth C. treasure D. category 51. A. when B. if C. unless D. whereas 52. A. expand B. split C. invade D. enlarge 53. A. essential B. prior C. primitive D. major 54. A. trend B. style C. direction D. path 55. A. abilities B. qualities C. possibilities D. realities V. Reading Comprehension (20%) A It is pretty much a oneway street. While it may be mon for university researchers to try their luck in the mercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (學(xué)術(shù)界 ) outweigh any financial considerations. Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia midcareer was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a mercial return, and Lee’s is one of them. The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制藥的 ) pany before returning to university as a postdoctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities. Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (轉(zhuǎn)換 ) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.” 56. By “a oneway street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________. A. university researchers know little about the mercial world B. there is little exchange between industry and academia C. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university D few university professors are willing to do industrial research 57. The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________. A. keeps someone from taking action B. helps to move the traffic C. attracts people’s attention D. brings someone a financial burden 58. What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career? A. Flexible work hours. B. Her research interests C. Her preference for the lifestyle on campus. D. Prospects of academic acplishments. 59. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________. A. do financially more rewarding work B. raise his sta