【正文】 .................................... 7 3 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 ................................................................................................. 8 設(shè)計(jì)原則 ............................................................................................... 8 系統(tǒng)方案 ............................................................................................... 8 遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)終端的結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................... 9 計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控中心的結(jié)構(gòu) ..............................................................10 系統(tǒng)方案的可行性 ...............................................................................10 系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)涉及的相關(guān)內(nèi)容 ....................................................................12 GPRS 網(wǎng)絡(luò) ...................................................................................12 GPRS 模塊選型 ...........................................................................16 M23A GSM/GPRS 模塊 ................................................................16 AT 指令集 ....................................................................................18 遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)終端的外設(shè)備選型 .......................................................19 遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)終端的微控制器 ..........................................................24 開(kāi)發(fā)工具 .................................................................................... 27 4 遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)終端的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................... 29 系統(tǒng)電源設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................... 30 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊的電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................... 31 微控制器外圍電路 ..................................................................... 31 實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘電路 ............................................................................. 34 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊的供電電路 .......................................................... 34 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊的串行通信電路 .................................................. 35 模擬信號(hào)采集電路 ..................................................................... 36 開(kāi)關(guān)量輸入處理電路 ................................................................. 37 開(kāi)關(guān)量輸出處理電路 ................................................................. 38 LED 及蜂鳴器電路 ..................................................................... 38 SD 卡接口電路 ............................................................................ 39 GPRS 通信貓的電路設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................... 41 M23A 模塊 供電電路 ................................................................... 41 M23A 模塊 啟動(dòng)電路 ................................................................... 41 M23A 模塊 通信接口電路 ............................................................ 42 SIM 卡 接口電路 .......................................................................... 43 鍵盤(pán)與顯示模塊的電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................ 44 5 遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè)終端的軟件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................. 47 軟件設(shè)計(jì)方法 ...................................................................................... 47 有限狀態(tài)機(jī) ................................................................................ 48 事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的程序設(shè)計(jì)方法 .......................................................... 49 遠(yuǎn)程 監(jiān)測(cè)終端底層驅(qū)動(dòng)程序設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................ 52 STM32 固件庫(kù) ............................................................................. 52 系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘節(jié)拍驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 .............................................................. 54 串口底層驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 ..................................................................... 55 M23A GPRS 通信驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 ......................................................... 57 圖像采集驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 ..................................................................... 63 開(kāi)關(guān)量采集驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 ................................................................. 64 模擬量采集驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 ................................................................. 65 SD 卡驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 ............................................................................ 66 鍵盤(pán)與顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 ................................................................. 68 遠(yuǎn)程 監(jiān)測(cè)終端應(yīng)用層程序設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................71 6 計(jì)算機(jī) 監(jiān)控中心的軟件開(kāi)發(fā) ..........................................................................75 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的選擇 .......................................................................................76 功能模塊的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................77 用戶(hù)管理模塊 .............................................................................77 系統(tǒng)查詢(xún)模塊 .............................................................................79 7 結(jié)論 ...............................................................................................................81 致 謝 .................................................................................................................82 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................................83 附錄 A：數(shù)據(jù)采集板原理圖 11 ........................................................................86 附錄 B：數(shù)據(jù)采集板原理圖 12 ........................................................................87 附錄 C： GPRS 通信貓?jiān)韴D ..............................................................................88 附錄 D：鍵盤(pán)顯示板原理圖 ...............................................................................89 攻讀學(xué)位期間發(fā)表的論文目錄 ..........................................................................90 攻讀學(xué)位期間參與的項(xiàng)目 .................................................................................90 原創(chuàng)性聲明及關(guān)于學(xué)位論文使用授權(quán)的聲明 ...................................................91 1 緒論 項(xiàng)目 背景及研究的目的和意義 能源問(wèn)題是一個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的命脈，它嚴(yán)重影響著工業(yè) 化進(jìn)程的步伐。而石油能源又被譽(yù)為“工業(yè)的血液”，因而一個(gè)國(guó)家石油的儲(chǔ)量將很大程度影響該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的速度。我國(guó)是一個(gè)石油資源不十分豐富的國(guó)家，自 1993 年開(kāi)始，我國(guó)便超越日本成為僅次于美國(guó)的世界上第二大石油進(jìn)口國(guó) [ 1]， 能源 機(jī)構(gòu)預(yù)測(cè)顯示，為了保持高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭，在 2040 年，中國(guó)將有 87％的原油依賴(lài)于進(jìn)口 [2]。 我國(guó)相當(dāng)一部分油田的井場(chǎng)屬于 分布式布局， 分布式 布局 指的是油井?dāng)?shù)量多且分布比較零散，各個(gè)井場(chǎng)之間相隔