【正文】 ich came with the publication of lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 17981.Enlightenment or the Age of reason The Enlightenment movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept the whole western Europe at the time Its propose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. The enlightenmenters celebrated reason or rationally, equality and science. They called for a reference to order, reason and rule , yield place to “eternal truth” “eternal justice” and “natural equality” They believed that human beings were limited , dualistic and imperfect literature at the time , heavily didactic and moralizing. They believed in selfrestraint, selfreliance and hard work. To work , to economize and to accumulate wealth constitute the whole meaning of their life. This aspect of social life is bestformed in the realistic novels of the 18th century. 3 In the field of literature , they believed that the artistic should be order,logic, restrained emotion and accuracy . seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expression, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings.. 4 Neoclassicism. In English literature and, the stylistic trend between the Restoration and the advent of romanticism at the beginning of the 19th century is referred to as Neoclassicism. 5 Heroic: It is a pair of rhymed lines of iambic pentameter. The form was introduced into English by Chaucer and widely used subsequently.John Bunyan1.Masterpiece: The pilgrim’s progress 2.The “vanity fair” symbolizes human word, for all that th is vanity Everything and anything in this world is vanity, having no value and no meaning. The vanity fair, a “market selling nothingness” of all sorts, is a dirty place originally built up by details, but, this town “l(fā)ay” in the way to the Celestial City, meaning pilgrims had to resist the temptations there when they made their way through. So, the depiction of the “Fair” in selling things worldly and in attracting people bad, represents John Bunyan’s rejection of the worldly seekings and pious longing for the pure and charming “Celestial city”, his Christian ideal. Alexander PopePope, a very sensitive man, would strike back hard, and in the constant verbal battles he developed a style of biting satire. He was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England, but was not entirely blind to the rapid moral, political and cultural deterioration. For him the supreme values was ordercosmic order, political order , social order, aesthetic order, and this emphasis an order expression in all of his works. Pope made his name as a great poet with the publication of an Essay on Criticism in 1711. Pope strongly advocated Neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rule of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum. Daniel DefoeMasterpiece: Robinson Crusoe His language is smooth , easy, colloquial and most vernacular. Defoe glorifies human labor and the puritan fortitude. It refers the enterprising sprit of the middle class. Jonathan Swift1. Chief works: A Tale of a Tub, The battle of the books, The Drapier’s letters, Guilliver’s Travel and a Modest proposal. is almost unsurpassed in the writing of simple, direct, precise prose. He defined a good style as “proper words in proper places” clear, simple, concrete, diction, unplicated sentence structure and economy and concise use of language mark all his writingessay, poems and novels. 3.As a whole , the book is one of the most effective and devastating criticism and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically and morally. Henry Fielding1.Masterpiece : A History of Tom Jones, a Foundling 2.Fielding has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel” for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. 3.Fielding’s language is easy, unlaboured and familiar but etremly vivid and vigorous. 4.Of all the 18th century novelist, he was the first to set out. Both in theory and practice. To write specially a “ic epic in poem” the first to give the modern novels its structure and story。 he use epistolary form and “ the thirdperson narration”. 5.In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand, epical of the classical works but at the same time keeps fatithful to his realistic presentation of mon life as it is. Samuel Johnson1.Lexicographer: the author of the first English dictionary by an English manA Dictionary of the English Language(1755) 2.To the Right Honorable the Earl ofChesterfield 3.He was particularly fond of moralizing, and didacticism. His language in characteristically general, often Latinate and frequently polysyllabic. Richard Brinsley Sheridan1 Masterpiece: The school for scandle. 2 Sheridan has the only important English dramatist of the 18th century。 important link between Shakespeare and Benard Shaw. 3 In his play, morality is the constant theme. He is much concerned with the current moral issue and harshly at the social life of the day. Tomas Gray1.His masterpiece, “ Elegy in a Country Churchyard” was published in 1751, the poem once and for all established his fame as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day especially” the Graveyard School” 2.In his poem, Gray reflects on death, the sorrow of life and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his Personal Melancholy. 3.His poem, as a whole are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or mediation on life, past and present. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form. His style is sophist