【正文】
ive Statistics 描述統(tǒng)計方法 ?Collect Data 收集數(shù)據(jù) . 調(diào)查( Survey) ?Present Data 顯示數(shù)據(jù) . 圖表 ?Characterize Data 描述數(shù)據(jù)特征 . 平均值 nx i?Inferential Statistics 推斷統(tǒng)計 ?Estimation 估計 ?Hypothesis Testing 假設(shè)檢驗 以樣本為基礎(chǔ)做出有關(guān)總體的決策 Types of Data 數(shù)據(jù)類型 C a t e g o r i c a lD i s c r e t e C on t i nu ou sN u m e r i c a lDa t aData 數(shù)據(jù) ? Elements, Variables, and Observations 個體、變量和觀察 ? Qualitative and Quantitative Data 品質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù) ? Time Series and CrossSectional Data 時間序列數(shù)據(jù)和截面數(shù)據(jù) Elements, Variables, and Observations 個體、變量和觀測 ? 數(shù)據(jù)是所收集、分析、匯總表述解釋的事實及數(shù)字