【正文】 相向旋轉的圓輥夾縫中，主要受到連續(xù)的壓碎作用，但也帶有磨剝作用，齒形輥面還有劈碎作用。 (4) 沖擊式破碎機礦塊受到快速回轉的運動部件的沖擊作用而被擊碎。屬于這一類的又可分為：錘碎機；籠式破碎機；反擊式破碎機。 (5) 磨礦機礦石在旋轉的圓筒內(nèi)受到磨礦介質(zhì)(鋼球、鋼棒、礫石或礦塊)的沖擊與研磨作用而被粉碎。 (6) 其他類型的破碎磨礦機 A、輥磨機：借轉動的輥子將物料碾碎。 B、盤磨機：利用垂直軸或水平軸的圓盤轉動作為破碎部件。 C、離心磨礦機：利用高速旋轉部件和介質(zhì)產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)離心力來完成破碎作用。 D、振動磨礦機：利用轉軸產(chǎn)生高頻率的振動，使介質(zhì)與物料互相碰擊而完成破碎作用。 各類破碎機破碎機有不同的規(guī)格，不同的使用范圍。目前，選廠粗碎多用鄂式破碎機或旋回圓錐破碎機；中碎采用標準型圓錐破碎機；細碎采用短頭型圓錐破碎機；粗磨用棒磨機、細磨用球磨機。 4 雙輥破碎機的具體介紹雙輥破碎機適用于在水泥、化工、電力、冶金、建材、耐火材料等工業(yè)部門破碎中等硬度的物料，如石灰石，爐渣 ，焦炭，煤等物料的中碎，細碎作業(yè)。該系列對雙輥破碎機主要由輥輪、輥輪支撐軸承、壓緊和調(diào)節(jié)裝置以及驅(qū)動裝置等部分組成。 雙輥破碎機出料粒度的調(diào)節(jié)：兩輥輪之間裝有楔形或墊片調(diào)節(jié)裝置，楔形裝置的頂端裝有調(diào)整螺栓，當調(diào)整螺栓將楔塊向上拉起時，楔塊將活動輥輪頂離固定輪，即兩輥輪間隙變大，出料粒度變大，當楔塊向下時，活動輥輪在壓緊彈簧的作用下兩輪間隙變小，出料粒度變小。墊片裝置是通過增減墊片的數(shù)量或厚薄來調(diào)節(jié)出料粒度大小的，當增加墊片時兩輥輪間隙變大，當減少墊片時兩輥輪間隙變小，出料粒度變小。 5 破碎機的使用正確的使用與維護破碎機，對提高處理能力、延長其使用壽命是很重要的，也是安全生產(chǎn)所必須的。破碎機的類型及工作條件不盡相同，因而，使用時應注意一下幾點：1) 破碎機的起動。首先應開動油泵與冷卻系統(tǒng)，經(jīng)過3～5分鐘后，待右路暢通在啟動破碎機電動機。因為破碎機是重載荷設備，所以無論何種類型，均應空載起動。對一些大型破碎機，有時還須借助外力起動。2) 破碎機的操作。對已起動的破碎機，應先空轉幾分鐘，空轉時可以檢查基座、防護板鏈等，如無異常，開始給料。若是新安裝的破碎機，應使其空轉時間長一些，可空轉兩到三個工作班后再加料。破碎機的給料必須是連續(xù)均勻的，防止過載，而且在整個給料口寬度上給料量應一致，這樣可使破碎機受到的磨碎均勻，相對地延長易磨損零件的壽命。對于干法破碎，入料水分不能過高，如錘式破碎機；濕法篩分時，則必須保持適當?shù)乃?，防止因沖水不足而堵塞，減低處理能力。還應防止堅硬物料如錘頭及角鐵之類落入機內(nèi)。在操作時，應遵循操作規(guī)程，防止違章造成人機事故。3) 破碎機工作時的檢查及看護。在破碎機工作時，應檢查破碎產(chǎn)物粒度是否符合要求，如發(fā)現(xiàn)超過規(guī)定粒度的顆粒過多，應找出原因，如篩棒縫隙過大、排料口過寬、錘子、鄂板或齒輥等磨損過度或是保險裝置松動等，并采取適當?shù)拇胧┘右韵?。同時注意軸承溫度不宜超過50℃，正常油溫應在30～35℃左右，為了保證潤滑油的質(zhì)量，應定期清洗油箱，排出污染物。如果是干油潤滑，應定期檢查并注入新油。4) 破碎機停車前，應先停止給料，將機中的物料排凈，然后按順序關閉主電動機及潤滑電動機。如果帶料停機，很容易造成機件損壞。萬一出現(xiàn)事故停機，也應將機中物料清除后，才能重新啟動。5) 破碎機的維護。破碎機停機時，要檢查緊固螺栓是否牢固和易磨損部分的磨損程度，是否需要更換。對齒輥破碎機，還應該除掉齒牙間的木料。檢查破碎機保險裝置，使之保持良好狀態(tài)。除去日常維護工作外，還應對破碎機及其附屬設備如潤滑冷卻系統(tǒng)進行定期檢修，例如小修、中修、大修等。除了以上的五點外，對破碎機的安裝，既要保證牢固可靠，位置正確，又要注意防振要求，并把可調(diào)部位調(diào)至適當位置。這對延長破碎機的壽命是很重要的！6 粉碎技術的發(fā)展動態(tài)1) 設備日趨大型化，以簡化設備和工藝流程。，電功率達7000以上，臺時產(chǎn)量300以上。水泥工業(yè)使用的最大管磨機為，電機功率達8700。立式磨系列中磨盤直徑已達5以上，電機功率5000以上，臺時產(chǎn)量500以上。2) 采用預烘干(或預破碎)形式組成烘干(破碎)粉磨聯(lián)合機組。3) 磨機與新型高效分離設備和輸送設備相匹配，組成各種新型干法閉路粉磨系統(tǒng)，以提高粉磨效率，增加粉磨功的有效利用。4) 采用電子定量喂料秤—熒光分析儀—電子計算機自動調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)，控制原料配料，為入窯生料成分均勻穩(wěn)定創(chuàng)造條件。磨機系統(tǒng)操作自動化，應用自動化調(diào)節(jié)回路及電子計算機控制生產(chǎn)，代替工人操作，力求生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定。當前，粉磨設備的發(fā)展，主要還在節(jié)能方面，力求降低粉磨電耗。同時，也在采取積極措施盡量降低磨損件的磨耗。近年來，國外對超細粉碎及分級設備、工藝、微細顆粒粒度測定等方面的研究十分活躍，這是由于復合材料、新型陶瓷、電子材料等許多尖端技術的迅速發(fā)展決定的。在先進的工業(yè)化國家，微米級超細粉碎設備已過渡了其發(fā)明時期，而進入成熟、配套、完善的階段，設備研究朝著亞微米級超細粉碎和微米級精密分級的方向發(fā)展。粉碎技術的發(fā)展主要表現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品微細化、微粉功能化、設備自動化、節(jié)能新工藝和設備及低污染高強度材料的應用等方面。附錄BDevelopment survey of roller type breaker,impact type breaker and hammer type breakerThe roller type breaker, the impact type breaker and the hammer type breaker application scope is extremely widespread, can to each kind of different degree of hardness, the viscosity and the humidity all big material carries on thick garrulous, is garrulous and is in broken bits. This kind of crusher stave efficiency is especially high, the energy consumption is small. At present overseas in the roller type breaker, the impact type breaker and in the hammer type breaker design, the manufacture and the application has all made some new progress.English Babbitless (GB) Corporation has made one kind of stave scaled height of burst, the energy consumption low Dragon impact type breaker. This machine series product includes: (rotor is ), (11), () three kinds of specifications.This pany makes this kind of impact type breaker available in stave dolomite, ore and so on silicon nature limestone, but cannot break the humidity and the coherent all very big material. For the material granularity is 65~ fact, this machine most suits the stave massive material, does not suit the stave laminated material. The stave product granularity below 40, productivity is 15~150.This pany has also made the impact type breaker which 13 kinds may reverse. The permission amounts to 380 for the material granularity, productivity surpasses for 600.This pany also has produced 6 kinds of specifications type breaker, productivity is 35~195, the product granularity is 6~50.English Groft Barmac Corporation makes the Rotopactor breaker, is one kind has the unique form three levels of impact type breaker. When stave work, the material enters in the stave cavity by certain acceleration between the rotor and the sidewall, thus has the impact to be staving. The material transportation is delivers in the stave cavity from the hopper after the central divider on the fast revolving rotor. The stave product falls in the dump trough. The stave cavity attrition is very small, but must carry on the special wearresisting protection to the stave region. The rotor circuit must lining the attire tungsten carbide guidance board, thus stave cavity upside and the base must install the casting backing. The rotor skin hardness request is extremely high. This kind of breaker rotor, available 2 or 3 parts pose two patterns the rotors.This pany produces this kind of breaker series has five kinds of specifications. The actuation power is 75~500 horsepower, productivity may reach as high as for 250. This kind of breaker drive may carry on the modification。 the machine structural style divides into the enclosed type and the opens type.Croft Corporation recently installed the use the MⅢ breaker, which is loaded with the double drives and two 200 horsepower electric motors,its productivity surpasses for 200. The MⅠbreaker is one kind of small breaker, the productivity is 50.American Eagle Corporation makes the Maxim multicage type breaker, which is used in mixing the material stave. In each kind of cage type breaker, all has by reverse direction revolving (gives material along straight line and center) 2, 4 or 6 concentric cage rooms. Each cage room all has a row of impact stave stick. Stave product granularity from 20 to 200 meshes. This kind of breaker has three kinds of specifications, the stave productivity is 7~30 tons/hour, 15~60 and 30~110.English GEC Corporation makes the Dyad double rotors swinging hammer type breaker, productivity reaches as high as for 1000.West German Hazemag Corporation makes Hazemag impact breaker. Corporation sells the entire England39。s quarry from English Peabody Holmes. The APP203