【正文】 on, association and location)6. Association is what we use to create and strengthen imagination.F (Imagination is what you use to create and strengthen the associations needed to create effective mnemonics.)7. You can choose the imagery in your mnemonics as you likeT (The imagery you use in your mnemonics can be as violent, vivid, or sensual as you like, as long as it help you to remember.)8. You can create associations by linking things using the same stimuli. T. (You can create associations by linking them using the same color, smell, shape, or feeling.)Ex. D: Afterlistening Discussion1. What is the basic principle of mnemonics? Why can we improve our memory by following the principle? To use as many of the best functions of your brain as possible to store information.Evolved to code and interpret plex stimuli. Use these to make sophisticated models of the world. Our memories store all of these effectively.However, information is presented in only one way. Language is only one of the many skills and resources available to our minds.By coding languages and numbers in striking images,/ can reliable code both information and structure of information. Then easily recall these later.2. Why is a good memory important to us? Open.Section Three NewsNews Item 1Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is about the Somali pirates’ strike.Ex. B: Listen to the news again and answer the questions.1. Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revenge for the killing of three Somali pirates by the US navy isn39。t clear.2. No, the pirates haven’t been deferred.3. Because the financial rewards for a successful hijacking remain so great and Somalia remains so lawless.4. At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen international warships in the area to police an expanse of sea covering more than a million square kilometres.5. It may be because of the relatively small scale of the problem.Tape script of News Item One:The piracy problem looks like it39。s here to stay despite the recent muscular interventions by the French and American navies. Whether this latest attempted hijacking was the promised revenge for the killing of three Somali pirates by the US navy isn39。t clear. But it does suggest at the very least that the pirates haven39。t been deterred.So why does the problem persist? Put simply maritime security analysts say piracy will continue as long as the financial rewards for a successful hijacking remain so great and Somalia remains so lawless. Certainly the international effort to thwart the problem is relatively limited. At any one time there are only fifteen to eighteen international warships in the area to police an expanse of sea covering more than a million square kilometres. Although it has been suggested that raids could be mounted on the pirates39。 home towns, it seems unlikely there39。ll be any major increase in the military effort unless there39。s a spectacular hijacking involving the deaths of many crew members. The reluctance to mount a major international naval operation in the area may also be down to the relatively small scale of the problem. Last year, according to figures from the International Maritime Bureau, nearly twenty three thousand ships passed through the Gulf of Aden. Only ninety two were hijacked. Rob Watson, BBC News News Item 2Ex. A: Listen to the news and plete the summary This news item is about Obama’s military plan in Afghanistan. Ex. B: True or false.1. The President is considering leaving Afghanistan.F. (The President is making it clear that leaving Afghanistan is not an option.)2. Obama wouldn’t shrink the number of troops in Afghanistan, neither would he deploy more military troops. T.3. President Obama thought his assessment would be rigorous and deliberate.T.4. Opinions against Obama are not heard.F. (…some Republicans and members of the President39。s own party are dubious about mitting more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight.)5. The conflict in Afghanistan seems to be over soon.F. (…about mitting more resources and military personnel to a conflict where there is no end in sight.)6. Afghanistan can be the second