【正文】 理題。本文介紹了歐洲南部10和11世紀(jì)嫁妝對(duì)女性在婚姻中地位的重要性。雖然嫁妝最初的目的防止女性被拋棄，但實(shí)際上它的作用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止于此。它使妻子在婚姻中的地位與丈夫平等，并保障了妻子的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。女性在維護(hù)自己的利益上，是很堅(jiān)定果敢的，Maria Vivas就是一個(gè)例子。見第一段第三句，“Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion...”，雖然在實(shí)際生活中嫁妝有更重要的作用，但最初它的作用只是為了防范女性被丈夫拋棄，所以C)為正確答案。2.【解析】D細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)本文，妻子在婚姻中的法律地位和丈夫是平等的。見第一段最后一句，“In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife”文件中并沒有表明丈夫和妻子在法律地位上有任何的差別，也就是說他們的地位是平等的，所以D)為正確答案?！　?【解析】B判斷推理題。作者為什么要舉Maria Vivas的事例，是為了說明妻子是能夠捍衛(wèi)自己的利益的。見第二段第二句，“Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance...they showed a fine fighting spirit.”如果丈夫要侵占自己的利益，女性們就時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著捍衛(wèi)自己的利益，有時(shí)她們還表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的斗爭(zhēng)精神。接下來作者就舉了Maria Vivas的例子，說明女性是有能力捍衛(wèi)自己的利益的。所以B)為正確答案。　4.【解析】A細(xì)節(jié)推理題。Maria Vivas得到的一份作為補(bǔ)償?shù)耐恋?，本來是屬于Miro的個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)。見第二段第五句，“None being offered, she succeeded in... assigning her a piece of land from Miros personal inheritance”由此知A)為正確答案。　5.【解析】D判斷推理題。作者對(duì)Maria Vivas所持的態(tài)度是客觀的。作者客觀地介紹了Maria Vivas的事例，并沒有表示出同情、不滿或者是漠不關(guān)心，所以A),B),C)都是錯(cuò)誤答案。 第3題：According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may bee recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.　　Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in mon。 rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.　　Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the pletion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective wellbeings of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.　　Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members。 instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.　 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? 　　[A] The problems faced by leaders. 　　[B] How leadership differs in small and large groups. 　　[C] How social groups determine who will lead them. 　　[D] The role of leaders in social groups.　　 passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can bee leaders EXCEPT. 　　[A] recruitment 　　[B] formal election process 　　[C] specific leadership training 　　[D] traditional cultural patterns　　3. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2? 　　[A]Person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group. 　　[B] Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person. 　　[C]A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership. 　　[D]Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.　　4. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that. 　　[A] few people qualify as “natural leaders” 　　[B] there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist 　　[C] “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group 　　[D] “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics　　5. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on. 　　[A] ensuring harmonious relationships 　　[B] sharing responsibility with group members 　　[C] identifying new leaders 　　[D] achieving a goal 1小題、【正確答案】：D2小題、