【正文】 e gas元素周期律 periodic trends活潑 active穩(wěn)定 noble分解反應 deposition reaction化合反應 bination(synthesis) reaction取代反應 displacement reaction復分解反應 salt metathesis[m??t230。θ?sis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀 precipitation官能團 functional group碳氫化合物/烴 hydrocarbon飽和烴 saturated hydrocarbon不飽和烴 unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烴 aliphatic hydrocarbon脂環(huán)烴 alicyclic hrdrocarbon同系物 homologous[h??] series異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象 isomerism[39。ais?m?riz?m] 同分異構(gòu)體 isomeride [ai39。s?m?raid]同素異形體 allotropy/allotropism分子式 molecular formula通式 general formula結(jié)構(gòu)式 displayed formula結(jié)構(gòu)簡式 structural formula鍵線式 skeletal formula均裂 homolytic fission異裂 heterolytic fission親核試劑 nucleophile [39。njukli?fail]親電子試劑 electrophile加成反應 addition reaction加水加成 hydration reaction加成聚合反應 addition polymerisation聚合物 polymer單體 monomer鏈節(jié) repeat unit縮合聚合反應 condensation reaction縮聚物 condensation polymer取代反應 substitution reaction脫水 dehydration水解 hydrolysis鹵代反應 halogenation reaction酯化反應 esterification reaction親核取代 nucleophilic substitution 消去反應 elimination reaction裂化反應 cracking (reaction)石油分餾 fractional distillation燃燒 bustion發(fā)酵 fermentation氟氯烴 chlorofluorocarbons產(chǎn)率 percentage yield原子利用率 atom economy紅外光譜學 infrared spectroscopy質(zhì)譜分析 mass spectroscopy光譜 spectrum揮發(fā)性 volatility冷凝回流 reflux反應機理 reaction mechanism能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy熱力學 thermodynamic [θ?:m?udai?]焓 enthalpy(abbr. H) [en39。θ230。lpi]焓變 enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)標準焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH?)標準反應焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHr?)燃燒熱 heat of bustion標準燃燒焓 standard enthalpy change of bustion(abbr. ΔHc?)標準生成焓 standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔHf?)放熱反應 exothermic[eks?u?] reaction吸熱反應 endothermic reaction熱化學方程式 thermochemical[θ?:m?u?] equation活化能 activation energy(abbe. Ea)比熱容 specific heat capacity 鍵焓 bond enthalpy平均鍵焓 average bond enthalpy蓋斯定律 Hess’ law 有效碰撞理論 collision theory反應速率 rate of reaction/reaction rate反應動力學 reaction kinetics催化劑 catalyst催化作用 catalysis酶 enzyme[39。enzaim]波爾茲曼分布律 the Boltzmann distribution化學平衡 (chemical) equilibrium[i:kwi?]可逆反應 reversible reaction動態(tài)平衡 dynamic equilibrium平衡常數(shù) chemical equilibrium constant濃度冪 concentration power 平衡移動 shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG)阿累尼烏斯方程 the Arrhenius[??ri:ni?s] Equation自發(fā)反應 spontaneous[sp?n?teini?s] reaction熵 entropy(abbr. ΔS)溫室效應 greenhouse effect吸附作用 adsorption綠色化學 green chemistry溶解度 solubility離子反應 ionic reaction電離 ionisation電解質(zhì) electrolyte電離平衡 ionisation equilibrium電離常數(shù) ionisation constant離子積 ionproduct constant氫離子濃度指數(shù) hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from French potentiel d39。hydrog