【正文】 bad, stupid, silly, selfish, polite… 等 例： 1. It39。s kind of you to help me. (你 真 好幫我的忙。 ) 2. It39。s stupid of him to speak ill of others. (他說別人壞話是愚蠢的。 )39。 ◎不定詞當(dāng)受詞 主詞 動(dòng)詞 受詞 I like baseball. I like to play baseball. 例： 1. I decided to quit the job. (我決定辭掉工作。 ) 2. He hoped to be there on time. (他希望準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里。 ) 注意 ： 有些動(dòng)詞，如 decide， hope， want， expect， volunteer 等 ， 必用不定 詞當(dāng)受詞。 3. I want / would like to see a movie with my friend. (我想要和我的朋友一起看電影。 ) 4. You needn39。t go if you don39。t want to. (你不需要去，如果你不想去的話。 ) 注意： to 后面的動(dòng)詞和前面相同時(shí)，則動(dòng)詞可省略。 ◎不定詞當(dāng)補(bǔ)語 a. 當(dāng)主詞補(bǔ)語 → 可放在 be 動(dòng)詞或在連綴動(dòng)詞之后，補(bǔ)充說明主詞 。 主詞 動(dòng)詞 主詞補(bǔ)語 My work is the thing. My work is to prepare dinner. 例： l. My aim in life is to bee a famous singer. (我人生的目標(biāo)是成為名歌手。 ) 2. To see is to believe. (眼見為憑。 ) b. 當(dāng)受詞補(bǔ)語 → 即：主詞 +動(dòng)詞 +受詞 +受詞 補(bǔ)語。 主詞 動(dòng)詞 受詞 受詞 補(bǔ)語 He calls me Johnny. He wants me to do it. 例： l. He told me to give up smoking. (他告訴我要戒煙。 ) 2. She got her husband to clean up the house. (她叫她先生打掃房子。 ) 注意： 有些動(dòng)詞，如 want, ask, teach, tell, get, show 等，用不定詞當(dāng)受詞補(bǔ)語 。 3. He asked me not to tell her the truth. (他要求我不要跟她說實(shí)話。 ) 比較： He didn39。t ask me to tell her the truth. (他沒要求我跟她說實(shí)話。 ). 注意： 否定不定詞 → not +to +原形動(dòng)詞 不定詞的形容詞用法 不定詞當(dāng) 形容詞修飾名詞或 something… 等代名詞時(shí)，采用后位修飾。即：名詞 / something… + to +原形動(dòng)詞 △修飾名詞 例： l. I have letters to write. (我有信要寫。 ) 2. My mother has a lot of housework to do every day. (我媽媽每天有很多家事要做。 ). △ 修飾 something… 等 例： l. I’ll give you something to eat. (我會(huì)給你東西吃。 ) 2. Do you have anything to read ？ (你有什么東西可讀嗎？ ) 注意： 有些不定詞之后會(huì)伴隨著介系詞。 例： 1. They have a lot of things to talk about. (他們有許多事要談。 ) 2. Please give me a ballpoint pen to write with. (請(qǐng)給我一枝原子筆寫字。 ) 不定詞的副詞用法 不定詞可以用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞和副詞，能夠表示目的、原因等 ◎表目的 → 此時(shí)可用 in order to +原形動(dòng)詞代替 例： She went to London to study English. (她去倫敦學(xué)英語。 ) =She went to London in order to study English. 注意： go 和 e 通常其后不接不定詞，而是用 and 連接。 例： Come and see me. (來看我。 ) ◎表原因 → 跟在表感情的形容詞之后 例： 1. I am glad to see you. (很高興見到你。 ). 2. We are sorry to hear the news. (我們聽到這消息很難過。 ) 含不定詞的句型 ◎疑問詞 +to 原形動(dòng)詞 → 此為名詞詞組，可當(dāng)主詞、受詞、補(bǔ)語。 例： 1. Which way to go is a big problem. (要走哪一條路是個(gè)大問題。 ) (當(dāng)主詞 ) 2. I know how to operate the machine. (我知道如何操作這機(jī)器。 ) (受詞 ) 3. He told me where to take the bus. (他告訴我哪里可以搭公交車。 ) (當(dāng)補(bǔ)語 ) ◎ too… to… (太??而不能 ) ※ too+形容詞 / 副詞 + to 原形動(dòng) 詞 例： l. You are too young to understand the whole thing. (你太年輕無法了解整件事。 ) 2. The water is too hot for me to drink. (對(duì)我而言水太熱無法喝。 ) 3. He worked too slowly to finish it. (他工作得太慢無法完成這件事。 ) ◎ … enough to… (夠 ?? 可以 ?? ) ※ 形容詞 / 副詞 + enough+ to 原形 動(dòng) 詞 例： 1. My younger brother is old enough to go to school. (我弟弟年紀(jì)夠大可以上學(xué)。 ) 2. Bob worked hard enough to pass the exam. (Bob 夠用功可以通過考試。 ) Unit 3 動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)名詞就是在原形動(dòng)詞后加上 ing，使其具有名詞的特性，句子中可扮演主詞，受詞或補(bǔ)語的功能。 ◎ 動(dòng) 名詞當(dāng)主詞：須具有名詞特性的字 (或字群 )才能當(dāng)主詞，所以動(dòng)名 詞 可當(dāng)主詞。 ※比較 主詞 動(dòng)詞 Do it right now. (祈使句 ) To do / Doing it right now is ※動(dòng) 名詞或不定詞 放句首當(dāng)主詞時(shí)，整個(gè)主詞視為一件事，其后須用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 important. (直述句 ) 例： 1. Sleeping eight hours a day is good for health. (一天睡 8 小時(shí)有益健康。 ) =To sleep eight hours a day is good for health. =It is good for health to sleep eight hours a day. 2. Swimming at the beach is a lot of fun. (在海邊游泳很好玩。 ) =To swim at the beach is a lot of fun. = It39。s a lot of fun to swim at the beach. 注意： It39。s no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收。 ) ◎動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)受詞：放動(dòng)詞或介系詞后 . (1)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的受詞 例： 1. You have to give up smoking. (你必須戒煙。 ) 2. I like watching basketball games on TV. (我喜歡看電視上的籃球比賽。 ) 注意 1： 動(dòng)詞 like, love, hate, start, begin, learn… 等之后可接 Ving 或 toV當(dāng)受詞，在意義上沒有差異。 例： They began dancing / to dance faster and faster. (他們開始跳得越來越快。 ) 注意 2： 動(dòng)詞 stop, remember, fet, try… 等之后可接 Ving 或 toV當(dāng)受詞，但意義通常不同。 例： 1. The man stopped talking. (那人停止 說話。 ) The man stopped to talk to a newsboy. (那人停下來和報(bào)童說話。 ) * I39。m tried. I have to stop working. ~to take a rest. 我累了，我必須停 止工作 。 ~下來休息。 2. She remembered meeting him somewhere. (她記得在某處曾見過他。 )已見過 She remembered to meet him at the station. (她記得要在車站和他碰面。 )尚 未過見 ※ Remember to preview your lesson before class and review your lesson after class. (記得課前預(yù)習(xí)，課后復(fù)習(xí)。 ) 3. Lucy fot sending me a card. (Lucy 忘記曾寄給我一張卡片。 )寄過 Lucy fot to send me a card. (Lucy 忘了要寄卡片給我。 )未寄 ※ Don39。t fet to send me a card on Christmas. (別忘了在圣誕節(jié)寄張卡片給我。 ) 4. Try to solve the problem before ten o39。clock. (設(shè)法在十點(diǎn)前解決這個(gè)問題。 )要人盡力去做某事 Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. (如果前面沒有人聽到，試敲 一 下后門 。 )即敲 一 敲門，試試是否有人應(yīng)門 ◎下列動(dòng)詞之后只能接 Ving。 mind、 enjoy、 finish、 practice、 miss、 quit、 understand、 avoid 、 give up、 can39。t help、 can39。t stand、 It39。s no use、 It39。s no good 例： 1. Would you mind waiting for me? (你介意等我 一 下嗎？ ) ※ I made up my mind to wait for her. (我決定要等她。 ) 2. These students practice speaking English every day. (這些學(xué)生每天練習(xí)英語。 ) 3. I can39。t help laughing at him. (我忍不住嘲笑他 。 ) (2)當(dāng)介系詞的受詞 — 介系詞之后必接 Ving。 例： l. He is interested in playing hideandseek. (他喜歡玩躲貓貓。 ) 2. We are thinking about buying a washing machine. (我們考慮要買臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)。 ) ◎ 動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)補(bǔ)語 — 動(dòng)名詞可位于 be 動(dòng)詞之后當(dāng)補(bǔ)語。 例： l. My work is washing cars. (我的工作是洗車 。 ) 2. One of my hobbies is collecting stamps. (我的嗜好之 一 是集郵。 ) 注意： 在其它句型中的 Ving 形式 1. go+ Ving / go+ n. + Ving 例： go golfing 打高爾夫球 go fishing 去釣魚 go hunting 打獵 go bowling 打保齡球 go skating 溜冰 go swimming 去游泳 go hiking 去健行 go shopping 逛街 go sailing 去航行 例： go mountain climbing 去爬山 go bike riding 騎車