【正文】
燈節(jié)能路燈。在本次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中發(fā)現(xiàn)單靠光控制電路不能有效的節(jié)約電能,因而加入了聲控電路和延時(shí)電路,設(shè)計(jì)了聲光雙控電路。在本設(shè)計(jì)中介紹了聲光控路燈控制器的組成、性能,適用范圍及工作原理,給出各電路原理圖及元件參數(shù)選擇,節(jié)電效果十分明顯,同時(shí)也大大減少了維修量、節(jié)約了資金,使用效果良好。白天光照好,不管過路者發(fā)出多大聲音,都不會(huì)是燈泡發(fā)亮。夜晚光暗,電路的拾音器只要檢測(cè)到有碎發(fā)聲響,就會(huì)自動(dòng)亮為行人照明,過幾分鐘后又自動(dòng)熄滅,節(jié)能節(jié)點(diǎn)?!娟P(guān)鍵詞】光控開關(guān) ;光敏電阻 ;聲控電路 ; 延時(shí)電路 ; 控制電路 ;節(jié)能the sound and lightcontrol circuitAbstract:At school, the unit39。s public place of business enterprise etc. of small area, factory of resident is with the public floor way of the street courtyard and resident area, grow the clear light phenomenon very widespread, this result caused the energy biggest , because of the damage rate that multifarious switch or the artificial factor, wall switch damage rate is very high, and enlarged to maintain to measure, waste the funds. The subject of a circuit design novel, safe saving, simple structure and easy installation, longlife incandescent lamp with energysaving lamps。In this design graduates found alone can not control circuiteffective energy conservation ,Has bee the voice circuits and circuit delay ,Design of the sound and lightcontrol circuit 。In the design of acoustooptic lights controller control the position, properties, the scope of application and principle ,Is the circuit diagram ponents and parameters ,Saving effect is very obvious,Also greatly reduce the amount of maintenance, saving money, the use of good results 。During the day, light, and no matter how much the passersby issued voices will not be illuminated lamp Brightness night, as long as the circuit pickup device detected a broken the sound, it would automaticallyas pedestrian lighting, Guo automatically extinguished after a few minutes, saving energy nodes。 Pass to design this me to light electric appliances piece the conversion for of principle, construction, work appearance had very deep enhanced to control electronics electrician learned that right every kind of electronics ponent contain further understanding Key word: Light control switch ;light electricity triode transistor Voice circuit;Delay circuit;the control the electric circuit energysaving.常州信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院電子與電氣工程學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 6 目前在國內(nèi)外的校園路燈智能控制中,常用的方法有光控制, 聲控制 ,聲光控制和觸摸控制等 。 光控開關(guān)的作用是當(dāng)傍晚光強(qiáng)減弱到一定的強(qiáng)度時(shí)候 電路就會(huì)自動(dòng)接通點(diǎn)亮路燈 當(dāng)早上光強(qiáng)增到一定的強(qiáng)度的時(shí)候開關(guān)就會(huì)自動(dòng)關(guān)斷。實(shí)現(xiàn)只要夜幕來臨,電燈自動(dòng)點(diǎn)亮。白天,燈自動(dòng)熄滅的功能。 聲控制開關(guān)電路的通斷受控于聲控部分。電路是否接通,取決于聲音信號(hào)強(qiáng)度。當(dāng)聲強(qiáng)達(dá)到一定程度時(shí),電路自動(dòng)接通,點(diǎn)亮白熾燈,并開始延時(shí),延時(shí)時(shí)間到,開關(guān)自動(dòng)關(guān)斷,等待下一次聲音信號(hào)觸發(fā)。 聲光控制電路為一聲光自動(dòng)控制白熾燈開關(guān)。白天或夜晚光線較亮?xí)r,光控部分將開關(guān)自動(dòng)關(guān)斷,聲控部分不起作用。當(dāng)光線較暗時(shí),光控部分將開關(guān)自動(dòng)打開,負(fù)載電路的通斷受控于聲控部分。電路是否接通,取決于聲音信號(hào)強(qiáng)度。當(dāng)聲強(qiáng)達(dá)到一定程度時(shí),電路自動(dòng)接通,點(diǎn)亮白熾燈,并開始延時(shí),延時(shí)時(shí)間到,開關(guān)自動(dòng)關(guān)斷,等待下一次聲音信號(hào)觸發(fā)。這樣,通過對(duì)環(huán)境聲光信號(hào)的檢測(cè)與處理,完成電路通斷的自動(dòng)開關(guān)控制。 觸摸控制主要原理是當(dāng)有人觸摸開關(guān)時(shí)就馬上觸發(fā)開關(guān)電燈亮并進(jìn)入延時(shí)電路控制,延時(shí)結(jié)束開關(guān)斷開電燈熄滅等待下一次觸摸。 這些路燈智能控制各有各的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)這次設(shè)計(jì)主要是作一個(gè)光控制開關(guān)的電路。1.光敏電阻的原理與特性用于制造光敏電阻的材料主要是金屬的硫化物等半導(dǎo)體。通常采用涂敷、噴涂、燒結(jié)等方法在絕緣襯底上制作很薄的光敏電阻體及梳妝歐姆電極,然后接觸引線,封裝在具有透光鏡的密封體內(nèi),以免受潮影響其靈敏度。在黑暗環(huán)境里,它的電阻值很高,當(dāng)受到光照時(shí),只要光子能量大于半導(dǎo)體材料的禁帶寬度,則價(jià)帶中的電子吸收一個(gè)光子的能量后可躍遷到導(dǎo)帶,并在價(jià)帶中產(chǎn)生一個(gè)帶正電荷的空穴,這種由光照產(chǎn)生的電子對(duì)增加了半導(dǎo)體中載流子的數(shù)目,使其電阻率變小。從而造成光敏電阻值下降。光照愈強(qiáng)阻值愈低。入射光消失后,由光子激發(fā)產(chǎn)生的電子一空穴對(duì)逐漸復(fù)合,光敏電阻的阻值也就逐漸恢復(fù)原值。光敏電子原理在光敏電阻兩端的金屬電極之間加上電壓,其中便有電流通過,受到適當(dāng)波長的光線照射時(shí),電流就會(huì)隨光強(qiáng)的增大而變大,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)光電轉(zhuǎn)換。光敏電阻沒有極性