【正文】 　　 consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information.　　物流由倉儲、運輸、裝卸、搬運、包裝、加工、配送和物流信息所組成?！　?may be divided into supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics.　　物流可以分成供應(yīng)物流、生產(chǎn)物流、銷售物流、回收物流和廢棄物物流?！　?is now the last frontier for increasing benefits in industrial production..　　物流是當(dāng)今工業(yè)生產(chǎn)增加利潤的最后領(lǐng)域?！　?is unique, and it never stops!　　物流是獨特的，它從不停止?！　?performance is happening around the globe, twentyfour hours a day, seven days a week and fiftytwo weeks a year.　　物流運作一天24小時、一周7天、一年52星期在全球發(fā)生?！　?is concerned with getting products and services where they are needed and when they are desired.　　物流所涉及的是在需要的時候和在需要的地方去的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的活動?！　?is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer　　requirements.　　物流是計劃實施和控制商品的快速、高效流動和儲存，以及從源頭到消費的服務(wù)和信息的全過程，以滿足客戶的需求。　　 is a hot topic in China。　　中國掀起了物流熱。　　 overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost.　　物流的總目標(biāo)是以最低的總成本實現(xiàn)客戶服務(wù)的目標(biāo)水平。　　 is important that persons involved in daytoday logistics work have a basic understanding of logistics.　　重要的是，從事日常物流工作的人員應(yīng)對物流有個基本的了解?！　?must be managed as a core petency.　　物流必須作為一個核心能力來管理。　　 petency directly depends on a firm’s strategic positioning.　　物流能力是有一家公司的戰(zhàn)略定位直接決定的?！　?service is a balance of service priority and cost.　　物流服務(wù)是服務(wù)優(yōu)先與成本間的平衡?！　?lot of books on logistics, either in Chinese or in English, were published in 2002.　　2002年出版了大量的中、英文物流書籍?！　?is great room for logistics development in China.　　在中國，物流發(fā)展有巨大的空間?！　?wish to make logistics my lifetime career.　　我愿把物流作為我的終生事業(yè)?！　?classification is quite useful in inventory control.　　ABC分類管理在庫存控制方面十分有用?！　?JIT production system was developed by the Toyota Motor Company about 50 years ago.　　準(zhǔn)時制生產(chǎn)是大約50年前由豐田汽車公司開發(fā)出來?！　?(JIT) techniques are sometimes referred to as justintime production,justintime purchasing and justintime delivery.　　準(zhǔn)時制技術(shù)有時稱為準(zhǔn)時制生產(chǎn)、準(zhǔn)時制采購和準(zhǔn)時制交付?！　?key to JIT operations is that the demand for ponents and materials depends on the finalized production schedule.　　準(zhǔn)時制作業(yè)的關(guān)鍵是對配件和物料的需求根據(jù)最終生產(chǎn)進度來決定?！　?are five basic modes of transportation. They are water transport, rail transport,truck transport, air transport and pipeline transport.　　基本運輸方式有五種，他們是水陸運輸、鐵路運輸、汽車運輸、航空運輸和管道運輸?！　?is a vital ponent in the design and management of logistics systems.　　運輸是物流系統(tǒng)設(shè)計和管理中至關(guān)重要的組成部分。　　 you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing,but also in many other aspects, such as the capital cost and interest accruing to it, taxes, insurance and obsolescence cost.　　如果過量庫存，不僅會造成倉庫費用而且在很多方面會產(chǎn)生費用，如資產(chǎn)成本和它所產(chǎn)生的利息，以及稅收、保險和商品變成陳舊物的成本。　　 can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging.　　包裝可以分成工業(yè)包裝和消費包裝兩種?！　?about protect the goods against damages during handling, storing and transportation.　　包裝應(yīng)能保護貨物在搬運、儲存和運輸過程中免受損壞?！　?to improper packing, the goods are terribly damaged.　　由于包裝不善，貨物嚴(yán)重受損?！　?like plastic, steel and glass can be recycled to reduce production cost so that natural resources are saved.　　塑料、鋼鐵和玻璃這樣的物品能回收利用以降低生產(chǎn)成本、節(jié)約自然資源?！　?buyers and suppliers can benefit a lot from the reduction in the number of suppliers.　　買賣雙方都能從減少供應(yīng)商的數(shù)量上獲取許多利益?！　?strategy ensures that while minimizing inventory levels, materials are made available for production.　　準(zhǔn)時制戰(zhàn)略確保在降低庫存水平的同時能得到生產(chǎn)所需的物料。　　 goal of justintime purchasing is zero inventory.　　準(zhǔn)時制采購的目標(biāo)是零庫存。　　 is crucial to the performance of a supply chain.　　信息對供應(yīng)鏈的運作是至關(guān)重要的。　　 inventory levels requires downstream information from customers on demand, upstream information from suppliers on availability and information on current inventory levels.　　制定庫存水平需要下游客戶需求信息、上游