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英文法的基本規(guī)則-文庫吧

2025-04-04 00:08 本頁面


【正文】 I eat lunch.〞的意思并不是〝我在吃午飯〞,而是〝我有吃午飯的習慣〞,意思是說,有人中午不吃午飯(可能是在減肥),我可是每天中午都會吃午飯的?! 〃斘以诔晕顼埁?,應該要用現(xiàn)在進行式,這是我們以后會談的。  現(xiàn)在式不是指任何一個行為,而是一種狀況。舉例來說,以下幾句話都應該用現(xiàn)在式:我是一個學生I am a student.他是一個老師He is a teacher.他每天游泳He swims every day.湯姆勤奮工作Tom works hard他早起He gets up early.瑪莉喜歡看電影Mary loves watching movies.這里常常下雨It rains often here.我每天喝一杯牛奶I drink a glass of milk every day.我是中國人I am a Chinese.他會講英文He speaks English.他有喝茶的習慣He drinks tea.我騎腳踏車上學I ride a bicycle to school.他搭乘公交車上班He rides a bus to go to work.我不喜歡你I do not like you.他愛他的太太He loves his wife.他守法He obeys the law.我不喜歡莎士比亞I do not like Shakespeare.他不抽煙He does not smoke.他喝酒He drinks.他唱歌唱得很好He sings well.他跳舞跳得很好He dances well.他不會游泳He can not swim.他不是一個好學生He is not a good student.他們都很懶They are all very lazy.  凡是真理,自然界的現(xiàn)象,數(shù)學里的定理,都要用現(xiàn)在式:太陽從東方升起The sun rises in the east.地球是圓的The earth is round.月亮是地球的一個衛(wèi)星The moon is a satellite of the earth.美國是一個大的國家America is a large country.在北極的夏天,太陽永不落下The sun never sets at the North Pole in summer.樹葉吸收二氧化碳Tree leaves absorb CO2 .計算機的基本原理是布爾代數(shù)The basic principle of puters is Boolean algebra二點決定一線Two points define a line.三點決定一平面Three points define a plane.三基本顏色是紅、黃、藍Three of the basic colors are red, yellow and blue.【練習二】將以下中文句子翻成英文,都用現(xiàn)在式。。2167。2 現(xiàn)在進行式  假如我們正在做一件事,是不能用現(xiàn)在式的,而必須用現(xiàn)在進行式,現(xiàn)在進行式的形態(tài)是: verb to be + present participle(現(xiàn)在分詞)verb to be 大家都懂,什么叫做現(xiàn)在分詞呢?現(xiàn)在分詞就是      動詞+ing以下是現(xiàn)在分詞的例子動詞現(xiàn)在分詞workworkinggogoingread readingrunrunningplayplayingswimswimmingsingsingingwritewritingeateatingwalkwalkingeinglovelovinglikelikingwatchwatchingsmokesmoking  如果我們說    I am watching a movie.  那是指我現(xiàn)在正在看電影,這和    I watch movies.  意義上截然不同的,I watch movies是說我有看電影的習慣?! ∫虼擞行﹦釉~是沒有現(xiàn)在進行式的,舉例來說    I am loving you.是不通的,因為嚴格說起來,love是一種狀態(tài),而不是一個動作?,F(xiàn)在進行式,都是指動作,很少指狀態(tài)的?! ∫韵率乾F(xiàn)在進行式的例子:    I am calling my father.    He is swimming now.    He is playing basketball.    They are all eating now.    He is walking in the woods now.    He is reading a detective novel.    Mr. Brown is driving to work.    Mrs. Brown is cooking.    It is raining now.【練習三】將以下句子譯成英文,都用現(xiàn)在進行式:。。【練習四】將下列句子譯成英文,有的用現(xiàn)在式,有的用現(xiàn)在進行式:。。第三章 過去式和過去進行式3167。1 過去式  過去式是指過去所發(fā)生的事,舉例來說,假如我昨天去看了一場電影,我就可以說 I went to see a movie yesterday.以下全部是正確的句子: I saw your father last night. I met your son last month. I ate three apples this morning. He went to church to pray last night.  可是,我們必須非常小心,因為一不小心,我們就可能犯了大錯,我們如果要向情侶表示愛情,當然說      I love you.  如果我們說 I loved you.事情就可能鬧大了,因為這表示我過去曾經(jīng)愛過你,可是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不愛了。〝I loved you〞等于是〝I loved you before. But I do not love you now.〞  假如我們看過一個小男孩然后我們說 He was a good boy.那就是說他現(xiàn)在已不是一個好男孩了,變成了一個不乖的孩子,或者他已經(jīng)死了。  英文里的過去式常常是偵探用來破案的線索。有一次,有一個母親,向警察報案,說她的女兒失蹤了,她在記者面前,聲淚俱下地說     She was such a nice girl.  警察馬上覺得這位母親有問題,因為她不該用過去式的,用了過去式,表示女兒已經(jīng)死了,可是母親不是說她失蹤了嗎?為什么她用過去式,極有可能因為她知道她女兒已經(jīng)死了,才脫口而出,用了過去式。警察因此懷疑母親本人就是兇手,事實也果真如此:這位母親打自己的女兒,出手太重,將女兒打死了,謊報女兒失蹤,她用了過去式,使警察知道她有問題。整個案子的偵破,就在于過去式?! ∥覀円虼瞬荒茌p易用過去式,但我們也千萬要注意,該用過去式的時候,一定要用過去式,以下句子都是錯的:   ?。狪 go to school yesterday.   ?。狪 see a movie last night.    *My mother es to see me last month.   ?。狪 eat three apples this morning.   ?。狧e is happy yesterday.以上句子的正確寫法是:    I went to school yesterday.    I saw a movie last night.    My mother came to see me last month.    I ate three apples this morning.    He was happy yesterday.【練習五】將以下中文句子翻成英文,全部用過去式:。。【練習六】將下列的句子譯成英文句子,有的用現(xiàn)在式,有的用過去式:。?!揪毩暺摺繉⒁韵戮渥幼g成英文,用現(xiàn)在式,現(xiàn)在進行式或過去式:。。(work hard)。3167。2 過去進行式  過去進行式和現(xiàn)在進行式有點類似,只是verb to be要用過去式的??墒怯幸稽c不同,過去進行式,很少單獨用的,而常和另一句子一齊用。舉例來說以下的中文句子:  我昨天去看你的時候,你正在打籃球,如譯成中文,就是    You were playing basketball when I went to see you yesterday.  以下是典型的過去進行式用法    I was taking a bath when you called.    I was watching TV when you came to see me.    They were dancing when the teacher came in.    They were singing in the station when the train arrived.    Mr. Brown was cleaning his house when his son came home.  總而言之,過去進行式通常牽涉到幾件事,這兩件事同時發(fā)生,其中一件事用過去式,另一件事用過去進行式【練習八】將以下句子譯成英文,其中一部份使用過去進行式:,天在下雨。,他在看報(read newspaper)。,他們在唱歌。,他在和他爸爸打電話。,我在家看電視。,我正在刷牙(brush my teeth)。,他在游泳。,那只狗在睡覺。,他在拉小提琴。,我媽媽在燒飯?!揪毩暰拧刻畛?. I (be) a Christian.2. He (be) a Catholic when he was a child.3. I (go) to see my mother yesterday.4. I (like) to lay piano.5. He (eat) now.6. It (rain) now.7. He (walk) to school every day.8. He (walk) now.9. He (be) a good boy.10. He (swim) when I called him.11. He (go) to see his mother yesterday.12. I (take) a bath when my mother called me.13. I (like) to swim.14. I (like) to swim when I was young. Now, I don39。t because I am too old.15. It (rain) now.16. It (rain) when I drove to work yesterday.17. It (rain) last night.18. It (rain)very often here.19. He (read) a book when I went to see him yesterday.20. I (be) a student when I was young. Now I am a teacher.【練習十】改正以下句子的錯誤*They are driving when I went to see them yesterday.*It rained here very often in Taipei.*He gives his book to his brother last month.*He go to work every morning.*He likes to told stories.*I like to went to church.*The sun sets now.*They are play the piano now.*I am love you.*He were a good student before.*He goes to church last Sunday.*It rains last night.*I am playing when you called.*It is raining when I drove to work last night.*He do n
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