【正文】 s/are done5）am/is/are being done7）have/has been done過去2）was/were done6）was/were being done8）had been done將來3）shall/will be done_________9) shall/will have been done過去將來4）should/would be done _________10）should/would have been done舉例：1) A car is powered by gasoline.2) All eyes were turned upon him.3) Other processes will be discussed briefly.4) The manager said that the matter would be discussed at the next meeting.5) Who is being operated on?6) At that time, I didn’t know who was being operated on.7) No decision has been made about the matter yet.8) I was informed that the meeting had been postponed till next Friday.9) Hurry up, or the tickets will have been sold out by the time we get there.10) He hid himself in a pile of dry weeds. Otherwise he would have been discovered.除了以上這些,不定式,分詞,:The obstacle has to be removed in the path. （不定式的被動式）Being attacked by criminals, he cried out for help. （分詞被動式）He tried his best to avoid being misunderstood. （動名詞被動式）The building can be pleted next week. （帶情態(tài)動詞的被動式）★特別提示：① 有些動詞以主動形式出現(xiàn)，卻有被動含義。The knife cuts well.The cloth feels smooth.② 短語動詞構成的被動語態(tài)中，介詞或副詞不可省略。More schools and hospitals will be set up in the near future.Time must be made good use of.③ 主動語態(tài)中，如果感官動詞和使役動詞(see, hear, watch, make, let)后的賓語補足語是動詞，這個動詞前往往不帶to，但在被動語態(tài)中帶to。She was seen to pass by the window.He was heard to sing midnight.④ 主動形式表被動意義的幾種情況。a. 某些感官動詞和系動詞加形容詞可以用主動表示被動意義，如look, smell, taste, feel, sound, prove, wear 等。The flower smells sweet.Her voice sounds beautiful.b. 在want, need, deserve, require和worth后，可用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。The house wants repairing. (= to be repaired)The novel is worth reading twice. (= to be read twice)c. 在某些做表語的形容詞后用不定式的主動形式表被動意義。He is hard to please.The passage is difficult to read.⑤ 有少數(shù)動詞的進行時可以表示被動意義。The breakfast is cooking.The book is printing.⑥被動語態(tài)除用“be+過去分詞”表達外，還可用“get+過去分詞”結構表達。He got punished for his wrong doing.He got scolded by his parents.⑦不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)，如appear, die, happen, belong to等。及物動詞大多數(shù)都能用于被動語態(tài)，但某些表示靜態(tài)意義的及物動詞不能，如fit, cost, lack, suit, contain等。The book costs 10 Yuan.The hat doesn’t suit me.第三節(jié) 句子與從句 (Sentences and Clauses)：陳述句 (Declarative Sentences)疑問句A．一般疑問句 (General Questions)B．特殊疑問句 (Special Questions)C．選擇疑問句 (Alternative Questions)D．反意疑問句 (Disjunctive Questions)祈使句 (Imperative Sentences)感嘆句 (Exclamatory Sentences)1) 陳述句用來陳述一個事實或者觀點.Mary arrived quite early this morning.2) 一般疑問句以助動詞(do, does, did, have, had, be, will, would, shall, should),情態(tài)動詞(can, could, may, might, must, ought to)開始,通常要求以Yes或No回答。Did Mary arrive early this morning?3) 特殊疑問句通常以一個疑問詞開始,語序要倒裝: who, what, which, when, where, how(how long, how soon, how often).When did Mary arrive this morning?4) 選擇疑問句一般用or來連接兩個選擇部分,不能用Yes或No回答。Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?5) 反意疑問句是指在陳述句之后,加一個簡短問句,對前面事實加以訂正,確認或反詰的一種問句形式.Mary arrived quite early this morning, didn’t she?6) 祈使句上無主語句,表示請求,叮囑,命令,號召等.Open the classroom for Mary, please.7) 感嘆句用來表示強烈的感情或情緒,句首由what或how引導,句末加感嘆號. How early Mary arrived this morning!What a hardworking girl Mary is! 2. 英語的句子按結構分，可分為三類：簡單句 (Simple Sentences)并列句 (Compound Sentences)復合句(Complex Sentences)A. 名詞性從句(Noun Clauses) (The Subject Clauses) (The Predicative Clauses) (The Objective Clauses) (The Appositive Clauses)B．定語從句 (The Attributive Clauses)C．狀語從句 (The Adverbial Clauses)1) 簡單句:句子各成分都只是由單詞或短語表示,謂語可以是并列謂語.Mary is a good student.He rose, put on his coat and walked out of the office.Mr. Smith and Mr. Bank witnessed a car accident last evening.2) 并列句:, or, but.Sarah and Kathy were good friends, but their friendship broke up in the end.Environment pollution is a worldwide problem and it’s hard to handle.Hurry up or we’ll miss the train.3) 復合句:由一個主句和一個或幾個子句(從句),可以擔當主句的主語,表語,賓語,同位語,定語,狀語.ⅰ主語從句 ( The Subject Clauses)：① That he won the first prize is known to us all.② Which team has won the game is not known yet.③ Whoever leaves the room last should turn off the light.④ Whether (or not) Peter will attend the lecture hasn’t been decided yet.⑤ What he said is true.⑥ Who will chair the meeting has not been decided yet.