【正文】 ies, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sorethroat and body aches e on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool agechildren have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flulikesymptoms. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with overthecounter medications as well. However,children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome(綜合癥) ，a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous syndrome . There is, of course, no vaccine for the mon cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of Catching one.11. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help A) shorten the duration of the illnessB) the patient buy medicine over the counterC) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugsD) prevent people from catching colds and the flu12. We learn from the passage that A) one doesn39。t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the fluB) aspirin should not be included in overthecounter medicines for the fluC) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous systemD) overthecounter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu13. According to the passage, to bat the flu effectively, A) one should identify the virus which causes itB) one should consult a doctor as soon as possibleC) one should take medicine upon catching the diseaseD) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading14. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?A)A stuffy nose. B) A high temperature.Ci A sore throat.D) A dry cough.15. If children have flulike symptoms, their parents A) are advised not to give them aspirinB) should watch out for signs of Reye syndromeC) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccinationD) should prevent them from mixing with people running a feverPassage Two Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possibleanswers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In39。most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答問卷者)listed to give children a good start39。academically as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for success ful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and math ematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents. In the recent parison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixtytwo percent of the more individually oriented (強調(diào)個性發(fā)展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis onthe importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementaryschool education. Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanesekindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In largecities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a universitybased program, itwill increase the children39。s chances of eventu