【正文】 be greatly responsible for lying on applications 5. The word phony (Line 13, Para. 2) means ________ . [A] thorough [C] false [B] ultimate [D] decisive 【參考解析】： 1. B 主旨題。文章第一段簡(jiǎn)要概述了求職人員在求職過(guò)程中對(duì)自己的學(xué)歷弄虛作假這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，然后在第二 、三段分別給出一些具體的例子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，所以 B 正確。 2. B 推斷題。由第二段中前半部分的 If it turns out that an applicant is lying... school calls them impostors。 another refers to them as special cases 可知， imposters 和 special cases 指 的都是編造虛假學(xué)歷，所以 B 正確。 3. D 推斷題。由文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句中的 for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools 可知，名牌大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生在求職過(guò)程中比其他人有優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以 D 正確。 4. D 推斷題。文章講述的是在簡(jiǎn)歷中對(duì)學(xué)歷弄虛作假這一問(wèn)題，同時(shí)也指出，問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的原因是大學(xué)都很看重學(xué)歷，特別是名牌大學(xué)的文憑，由此可知，這是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，全社會(huì)對(duì)此都負(fù)有責(zé)任，所以 D 正確。 5. C 語(yǔ)義題。該詞所在句意為 “如果你不想撒謊又不愿和盤(pán)托出，會(huì)有公司愿意賣給你________交憑 ”，再結(jié)合下文提到的售賣 假文憑的公司的情況可知， C(假的 )正確。 thorough意為 “徹底的 ”， ultimate 意為 “最終的 ”， decisive 意為 “決定性的 ”，均排除 第 3題： Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used—what a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra. Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a farreaching effect on music and, when it bees widespread, on the music culture as a whole. One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing puters and other developments. This is all part of the information revolution, a twentiethcentury phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nieenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations。 they have affected music cultures all over the globe. 1. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ________ . [A] it helps produce new cultural tools and technology [B] it can reflect the development of the nation *C+ it helps understand the nation’s past and present *D+ it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization 2. It can be learned from this passage that ________ . [A] the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music [B] Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra [C] the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western music [D] the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music 3. According to the author, music notation is important because ________ . [A] it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read it [B] it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians [C] it is the printed version of standardized folk music [D] it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs 4 It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music ________ . [A] has brought about an information revolution [B] has speeded up the appearance of a new generation of puters [C] has given rise to new forms of music culture [D] has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments 5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? [A] Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by puters. [B] Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded. [C] Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets. [D] The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect 【參考解析】： 1. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段第二句指出，調(diào)查一種文化的工具和技術(shù)有助于了解該文化的歷史和生活方式，所以 C 正確 。其他三項(xiàng)均未提及，排除。 2. B 推斷題。結(jié)合文章第一段最后一句可知，近東音樂(lè)影響了歐洲交響樂(lè)中大多數(shù)樂(lè)器的發(fā)展，所以 B 正確 。A(交響樂(lè)的存在歸因于近東和中國(guó)音樂(lè)的傳播 )， C(交響樂(lè)的發(fā)展表明了東西方音樂(lè)的相互影響 )， D(交響樂(lè)中的樂(lè) 器是在近東音樂(lè)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來(lái)的 )，均排除。 3. A 推斷題。由文章第二段最后一句可知，人們閱讀音樂(lè)符號(hào) (識(shí)譜 )的能力會(huì)對(duì)音樂(lè)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響，所以 A 正確 。B(樂(lè)譜被民歌音樂(lè)家所使用時(shí)往往把民歌標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 )， C(樂(lè)譜是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的民間音樂(lè)的印刷版本 )， D(樂(lè)譜鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)鞑テ占案枨挠∷姹?)均排除。 4. C 推斷題。 A(導(dǎo)致了信息革命 )， B(加速了新一代計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn) )， C(即帶來(lái)了新的音樂(lè)形式 )， D(導(dǎo)致了傳統(tǒng)樂(lè)器的改革 )。由文章最后一段第一句可知，電子媒介進(jìn)入音樂(lè)領(lǐng)域后影響音樂(lè)文化。只有 C 是對(duì)此句的進(jìn)一 步闡釋，而 A、 B、 D、分別提到了原句未出現(xiàn)的新的概念，故排除。 5. D 主旨題。通讀全文可知，文章討論了音樂(lè)文化發(fā)展和物質(zhì)文化發(fā)展的關(guān)系，文章還指出，物質(zhì)文化的發(fā)展在很大程度上決定了音樂(lè)文化的發(fā)展，所以 D 正確 。A(樂(lè)器早晚會(huì)被電腦代替 )， B(音樂(lè)只有被記錄才能傳承 )， C(民歌只有印在活頁(yè)樂(lè)譜上才能傳播久遠(yuǎn) )均排除 三、完型填空 第 4題： Today, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel 1 the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved