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【正文】 p to produce each additional unit of X. ? MRTXY =Opportunity Cost of X for Y =Price of X given by Y = the slope of PPF Copyright @ Joanna GUO CIB ShenYang Normal University Conclusion: Constant OC MRT=b Increasing OC MRT increasing X Y X Y α β A B α Copyright @ Joanna GUO CIB ShenYang Normal University Demand analysis: what the consumer wants ? a. Given (x1,x2) and (y1,y2), ? Consumption bundles (x1,x2) ? A consumer can tell： ? (x1,x2) (y1,y2) ? (x1,x2) (y1,y2) ? (x1,x2) ~ (y1,y2) Copyright @ Joanna GUO CIB ShenYang Normal University Preference: Indifference curve X2 X1 0 A B x1 x2 D c E ?A curve that shows different consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction Copyright @ Joanna GUO CIB ShenYang Normal University 給定偏好的描述，如何來畫對應(yīng)的無差異曲線 ? Step1: 用筆在圖上定下某消費(fèi)束（ x1,x2） ? Step2: 給消費(fèi)者增加一點(diǎn)商品 1，即 ?x1 ? Step3: 現(xiàn)在考慮要使消費(fèi)者對原來的消費(fèi)點(diǎn)無差異，你得如何變動 x2的消費(fèi)量，從而使（ x1+?x1,x2+?x2） =（ x1,x2） ? Step4: 按照同樣的方法獲得更多的點(diǎn)，然后把這些點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)連接起來，就得到了無差異曲線 Copyright @ Joanna GUO CIB ShenYang Normal University Exercise: Please draw the indifference curves according to the description ? A. 王力喜歡喝汽水 x，但是厭惡吃冰棍 y ? B. 李南極喜歡喝汽水 x又喜歡吃冰棍 y，但他認(rèn)為 3杯汽水和 2根冰棍是無差異的。 ? C. 蕭峰有個習(xí)慣，他每喝一杯汽水 x就要吃兩根冰棍 y，當(dāng)然汽水和冰棍對他而言是多多益善。 ? D. 楊琳對于有無汽水 x喝毫不在意，但他喜歡吃冰棍。 Copyright @ Joanna GUO CIB ShenYang Normal University Marginal rate of substitution (MRS) 邊際替代率 ? MRS of X for Y (MRSXY) refers to the amount of Y that a nation give up for one unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curve ? MRSXY =tgβ =PXY ? It declines as the nation moves down the curve. T X Y β Copyright @ Joanna GUO CIB ShenYang Normal University Review 2: CIC 雪糕 汽水 u1 雪糕 汽水 u1 雪糕 汽水 u1 雪糕 汽水 u1 雪糕
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