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【正文】 important health outes and concludes that benefits substantially outweigh harms. B.— The USPSTF remends that clinicians provide [this service] to eligible patients. The USPSTF found at least fair evidence that [the service] improves important health outes and concludes that benefits outweigh harms. C.— The USPSTF makes no remendation for or against routine provision of [the service]. The USPSTF found at least fair evidence that [the service] can improve health outes but concludes that the balance of benefits and harms is too close to justify a general remendation. D.— The USPSTF remends against routinely providing [the service] to asymptomatic patients. The USPSTF found at least fair evidence that [the service] is ineffective or that harms outweigh benefits. I.— The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to remend for or against routinely providing [the service]. Evidence that the [service] is effective is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. . Preventive Services Task Force Ratings: Strength of Remendations and Quality of Evidence. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Third Edition: Periodic Updates, 20222022. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Strength of Remendations 沒(méi)有足夠的證據(jù)說(shuō)明用胸片、痰細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查等方 法篩查肺癌能延長(zhǎng)壽命 USPSTF 2022: insufficient evidence for or against LDCT, CXR, sputum cytology or bination of tests American College of Chest Physicians 2022: LDCT only in context of welldesigned clinical trials American Cancer Society 2022: against routine screening Canadian Task Force on Periodic Health Examination 1994: against CXR or sputum cytology American College of Physicians
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