【正文】 ? Kyoto Protocol mitment of a % reduction in GHG ? 京都議定書要求減排 CO2目標(biāo) ? Domestic goal of a 20% CO2 emissions reduction relative to 1990 by 2021 ? 國(guó)內(nèi)目標(biāo)減排 20% Programmes Aimed at Industry and Business 項(xiàng)目針對(duì)工商行業(yè) ? Climate Change Levy and Agreements ? 氣候變化收費(fèi)和協(xié)議 ? UK Emissions Trading Scheme ? 國(guó)內(nèi)排放交易 ? Carbon Trust ? 碳基金 ? Enhanced Capital Allowances ? 為企業(yè)提高能效提供資金支持 ? EU Emissions Trading Scheme ? 歐盟內(nèi)部排放交易 Climate Change Levy 氣候變化稅 ? Energy tax applied to industry, merce, agriculture, and the public sector ? 針對(duì)工業(yè)、商業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和公共部門所開征的能源稅 ? Not apply to domestic customers or charities ? 不對(duì)居民和公益事業(yè)征收 ? Electricity produced through CHP or RE not taxed ? 熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)和可再生能源電力免征 Climate Change Levy 氣候變化稅率 燃料類型 Fuel 稅率 Tax Rate 天然氣 Gas 13 €/tonne CO2 煤 Coal 7 €/tonne CO2 液化石油氣 LPG 電力 Electricity 14 €/tonne CO2 Climate Change Levy – ―Revenue Neutral‖ 氣候變化稅 ——收入中性 ? To protect the pla, not a way of raising money ? 為了環(huán)保，不是提高稅收手段 ? 收入通過如下渠道返回 給企業(yè)： ? Revenue returned to industry through: – % reduction in the rate of employer’s National Insurance Contributions, – %社保貢獻(xiàn)減免 – Funding of the Carbon Trust ( a PBF) and – 建立彈基金（公共效益基金） – Reductions or exemptions for meeting targets or switching to renewables or cogeneration – 達(dá)標(biāo)減免或采用熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)和可再生能源 Carbon Trust – a type of PBF 碳基金 公共效益基金 ? An independent body to promote carbon reductions in industry, merce and public sector ? 獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu)促進(jìn)碳排放減排 ? Advises industry . through site visits ? 給工業(yè)提供咨詢 ? Provides low costs loans for EE projects ? 提供優(yōu)惠貸款 ? Provides venture capital for investments in earlystage carbon reduction technologies ? 對(duì)未商業(yè)化的減排技術(shù)提供風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基金 Climate Change Agreements 氣候變化協(xié)議 ? Energy efficiency agreements ? 能效協(xié)議 ? 80% discount on Climate Change Levy for meeting targets ? 達(dá)標(biāo)氣候變化稅減免 80% ? Duration: 2021 to 2021 ? Projected carbon savings of by 2021 ? 到 2021年，預(yù)計(jì)每年減排 250萬噸碳 ? Ten times the estimated price effect of the levy alone ? 協(xié)議所取得的效果是稅收本身效果的 10倍 Impact of the CCL on Industry CCL對(duì)行業(yè)的影響 ? Energy has bee a highlevel issue. Chief executives and finance directors are alert to the additional costs of their energy and to the importance of ensuring they meet their targets and maintain their levy reductions. ? 提高了高層管理人員對(duì)能效和達(dá)標(biāo)的重視 ? Industry is saving over 163。450 million ($832 M) a year on the energy it has not bought as a result of meeting the CCA targets, in addition to the savings on the Climate Change Levy itself. ? 除在氣候變化稅上投入減少外，每年節(jié)約的能源開支達(dá) CCA氣候變化協(xié)議 Actual savings 實(shí)際減排量 ? 2021 – target performance MtC ? 2021年 – 目標(biāo)： 160萬噸碳 – 實(shí)際 440萬噸 ? 2021 – target performance MtC ? 2021年 – 目標(biāo) 150萬噸碳 – 實(shí)際 390萬噸 How did the CCAs produce this response? 氣候變化協(xié)議效果是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的？ ? Crucial link between the levy and the agreements ? 收費(fèi)和協(xié)議目標(biāo)聯(lián)系起來 ? CCAs were not a simple price signal ? CCA不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的價(jià)格信號(hào) ? To get the discount on the tax, the panies HAD to take action and report the results ? 為獲得稅收減免企業(yè)必須開展節(jié)能活動(dòng)并上報(bào)效果 Voluntary Programs and Policies 自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目與政策 ? 信息傳播 Information Dissemination – 案例研究 Case studies 基準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià) Benchmarking – 通訊 Newsletters 審計(jì) /評(píng)估 Audits/assessments – 設(shè)備標(biāo)識(shí) Equipment labels ? 技術(shù)示范 Technology Demonstration – 新興技術(shù) Emerging technologies – 最佳實(shí)踐 Best practices ? 培訓(xùn) Training – 能源審計(jì)與評(píng)估 Energy audits and assessments – 能源管理 Energy management International VA Programs 國(guó)際上的自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目 澳大利亞： 精英能源企業(yè)項(xiàng)目，溫室氣體挑戰(zhàn) 加拿大： 工業(yè)節(jié)能項(xiàng)目 丹麥： 工業(yè)能效協(xié)議 法國(guó)： CO2 減排自愿協(xié)議 芬蘭： 工業(yè)節(jié)能方法協(xié)議 Australia: Energy Smart Business Program, Greenhouse Challenge Canada: Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC) Denmark: Agreements on Industrial Energy Efficiency France: Voluntary Agreements on CO2 Reductions Finland: Agreements on Industrial Energy Conservation Measures International VA Programs 國(guó)際上的自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目 德國(guó)： 預(yù)防全球變暖德國(guó)工業(yè)聲明 日本： Keidanren環(huán)境保護(hù)自愿行動(dòng)計(jì)劃 荷蘭： 長(zhǎng)期能效協(xié)議、基準(zhǔn)協(xié)議 挪威： 挪威工業(yè)能效網(wǎng)絡(luò) Germany: The Declaration of German Industry on Global Warming Prevention Japan: Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment Netherlands: LongTerm Agreements on Energy Efficiency, Benchmarking Covenant Norway: Norwegian Industrial Energy Efficiency Network International Voluntary Agreement 國(guó)際自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目 瑞典： EKO能源 英國(guó)： 氣候變化稅收，高耗能工業(yè)部門能效目標(biāo)，最佳能效實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目， 合作協(xié)議運(yùn)動(dòng) 美國(guó)： 鋁業(yè)工業(yè)自愿伙伴關(guān)系， PFC減排伙伴關(guān)系 Sweden: EKOEnergi .: Climate Change Levy, EnergyIntensive Industry Sector Efficiency Targets, Energy Efficiency Best Practice Program, Make a Corporate Commitment Campaign (MCCC) .:Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership。 PFC Emissions Reduction Partnership for the SemiConductor Industry VA: Focus on Four Key Aspects 自愿協(xié)議： 4個(gè)主要方面 ? 自愿協(xié)議框架 ? Framework for voluntary agreements – 節(jié)能潛力分析及目標(biāo)設(shè)立 – Analysis of potential and targetsetting – 企業(yè)的義務(wù) – Industry obligations – 政府的支持性政策與項(xiàng)目 – Government supporting policies and programs – 監(jiān)督、評(píng)估與實(shí)施 – Supervision, evaluation, and enforcement Remendations for Successful VA