【正文】
啶 +異丙嗪 =冬眠合劑 臨床應(yīng)用:對(duì)下丘腦體溫調(diào)節(jié)中樞有很強(qiáng)的抑制作用,可降低正常體溫。 簡(jiǎn)述抗精神失常藥的分類及臨床應(yīng)用 氯丙嗪 藥理作用: 臨床運(yùn)用: ①精神分裂癥:對(duì)Ⅰ型精神分裂癥才有效,對(duì)Ⅱ型無(wú)效甚至加重癥狀; ②治療嘔吐和頑固性呃逆; ③低溫麻醉與人工冬眠。 氯氮平 :為苯二氮卓類,廣譜的神經(jīng)安定劑,對(duì)精神分裂癥療效與氯丙嗪相似,目前我國(guó)不少地區(qū)將其作為治療精神分裂癥的首選藥。 抗躁狂癥藥 → 碳酸鋰 (安全范圍小) 抗抑郁癥藥 → 米帕明 (首選藥) 米帕明 臨床運(yùn)用: ① 治療抑郁癥; ② 治療遺尿癥; 中央電大《藥理學(xué)》形考冊(cè)參考答案( 4) 簡(jiǎn)述抗高血壓藥的分類,每類舉一個(gè)代表藥 :氫氯噻嗪 (β受體阻斷藥):可樂(lè)定 ,樟磺味芬 ,利血平 ,普萘洛爾 — 血管緊張素系統(tǒng)抑制藥 : 氯沙坦 ,卡托普利 : 硝苯地平,維拉帕米 :硝普鈉 簡(jiǎn)述鈣拮抗劑的藥理作用 鈣拮抗藥 —— 維拉帕米、地爾硫卓 【藥理作用】 :通過(guò)對(duì)心肌鈣通道阻滯作用,抑制心肌收縮性,減慢心率而降低心肌作功,減少耗氧量;通過(guò)擴(kuò)張外周血管,降低外周阻力,降低心臟負(fù)荷。 ,增加冠脈流量而改善缺血區(qū)的供血供氧;對(duì)痙攣的動(dòng)脈血管舒張明顯。 【臨床應(yīng)用】變異性及穩(wěn)定性心絞痛最為適合。 簡(jiǎn)述氟喹諾酮類藥物藥理作用的主要特點(diǎn) ⑴作用機(jī)制: ①抑制 DNA回旋酶,是氟喹諾酮類抗 G的重要靶點(diǎn),使細(xì)菌的 DNA無(wú)法保持高度的卷緊和螺旋狀態(tài),從而抑制了細(xì)菌 DNA的復(fù)制。 ②抑制拓?fù)洚悩?gòu)酶 IV是氟喹諾酮類抗 G+重要靶點(diǎn)。 (2)藥物特點(diǎn) ① 抗菌譜廣,抗菌活性強(qiáng),尤其對(duì) G桿菌的抗菌活性 高,包括對(duì)許多耐藥菌株如 MRSA(耐甲氧西林金葡菌 )具有良好 抗菌作用; ② 耐藥發(fā)生率低,無(wú)質(zhì)粒介導(dǎo)的耐藥性發(fā)生; ③ 體內(nèi)分布廣,組織濃度高,可達(dá)有效抑菌或殺菌濃度; ④ 大多數(shù)系口服制劑,亦有注射劑,半衰期較長(zhǎng),用藥次數(shù)少,使用方便; ⑤ 為全化學(xué)合成藥,價(jià)格比療效相當(dāng)?shù)目股氐土?,性能穩(wěn)定,不良反應(yīng)較少。因而本類藥成為化學(xué)合成抗感染藥物中發(fā)展最為迅速,已成為臨床治療細(xì)菌感染性疾病的主要化療藥物。 簡(jiǎn)述紅霉素、鏈霉素、慶大霉素的不良反應(yīng) 紅霉素: 不良反應(yīng) 1. 直接刺激反應(yīng):口服 —— 胃腸道反應(yīng)是主要不良反應(yīng); 靜滴 —— 血栓性靜脈炎; 2. 肝損害:無(wú)味紅霉素。轉(zhuǎn)氨酶升高、白細(xì)胞升高、發(fā)熱、黃疸等,停藥數(shù)日可恢復(fù)正常; 3. 耳毒性:大劑量 4. 心臟毒性:靜注過(guò)快 5. 偽膜性腸炎:口服紅霉素偶可致腸道菌株失調(diào)引起偽膜性腸炎 。 鏈霉素 : 不良反應(yīng): 第八對(duì)腦神經(jīng)損害。 腎臟損害 神經(jīng)肌肉阻滯作用 過(guò)過(guò)敏反應(yīng) 慶大霉素 : 不良反應(yīng):第八對(duì)腦神經(jīng)損害,腎毒性最大。不易與利尿酸及呋喃苯胺酸等利尿藥合用。 請(qǐng)您務(wù)必刪除一下內(nèi)容, O(∩ _∩ )O 萬(wàn)分謝謝?。?! 2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全,電大期末考試必備小抄,電大考試必過(guò)小抄 Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailand39。s Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta Internatio nal Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that country39。s missions inBeijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou or Hong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassy39。s information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening peopletopeople contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: We39。ve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase twoway visits to a maximum of 1