微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英文課件ch(1)-文庫吧
2025-04-25 04:26 本頁面
【正文】 Price sellers receive = Changes in Welfare from a Tax Without Tax With Tax Change Consumer Surplus A + B + C A (B + C) Producer Surplus D + E + F F (D + E) Tax Revenue none B + D + (B + D) Total Surplus A + B + C + D + E + F A + B + D + F (C + E ) The area C+E shows the fall in total surplus is the deadweight loss of the tax. How a Tax affects welfare 稅收如何影響福利 ? The change in total welfare includes: – 總得福利變化包括： ? The change in consumer surplus. – 消費(fèi)者剩余的變化 ? The change in producer surplus. – 生產(chǎn)者剩余的變化 ? The change in tax revenue. – 稅收總額的變化 ? The losses to buyers and sellers exceed the revenue raise by the government. – 買者和賣者的損失超過了政府征收的稅收總額 ? The fall in total surplus is called the deadweight loss. – 總福利中下降的那部分就稱為無謂損失 Deadweight Loss and the Gains from Trade ? Taxes cause deadweight losses because they prevent buyers and sellers from realizing some of the gains from trade. – 稅收之所以導(dǎo)致無謂損失是因?yàn)樗璧K了買者和賣者從交易中獲得的利益。 The Deadweight Loss... Quantity 0 Price Demand Supply Q1 PB Price = P1 without tax PS Q2 Size of tax Lost gains from trade Cost to sellers Value to buyers Reduction in quantity due to the tax Determinants of Deadweight Loss ? What determines whether the deadweight loss from a tax is small or large? – 什么決定了稅收導(dǎo)致的無謂損失的大?。? ? The magnitude of the deadweight loss depends on how much the quantity supplied and quantity demanded respond to changes in the price. – 無謂損失的大小依賴于價(jià)格變化所引起的供給量和需求量的變化。 ? That, in turn, depends on t
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1