hazardousandtoxicwaste有害有毒廢棄物-文庫吧
2025-04-22 18:00 本頁面
【正文】 lycosides which if eaten release potentially lethal doses of cyanide ? Rhubarb contain large quantities of oxalic acid, which interferes with calcium absorption Plant Toxins – did you know? ? Many plants of the Brassicia (cabbage) family contain goitrogens – goitrogens interfere with the production of thyroid hormones by preventing iodine incorporation ? Potatoes which have turned green, sprouted or have developed a bitter taste are toxic because they contain solanine. – Defence mechanism for the plant (. antifungal properties) ? Honey from rhododendrons is highly toxic, Toxins in Nature – did you know? ? The liver of the blow fish (puffer fish) is extremely poisonous ? There is cyanide in cassava and almonds (there are official limits for cyanide concentration in marzipan). Belladonna, strychnine and aconite: three of the most poisonous plants in the world. One of these deadly alkaloid toxins was used to murder Alexander the Great. Cherry lauryl: leaves can cause cyanide poisoning. Often found in hedges and in parks. Amanita phalloides, the death cap mushroom, is a cause of acute liver failure Types of toxic entities ? Chemical – Example。 Heavy metals, pesticides ? Biological – ?threshold value? can be a single anism ? Plant toxins yew tree ? Animal toxins – snake bites ? Physical – Heat and cold, IR and UV radiation, X rays and gamma rays, alpha and beta rays Environmental Toxins Some are designed to be toxic (., pesticides, herbicides), while others are used for industrial purposes. Most toxins can be categorized into the following groups. ? Dioxins and Furans ? PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls) ? HCB (hexachlorobenzene) ? Pesticides ? Heavy Metals Dioxins and Furans Dioxins and Furans are chlorinated chemicals that originate from various sources, including waste incinerators, waste water from paper industry and byproducts from general industry. – The term Dioxins include 75 polychlorinated dibenzopdioxin (PCDD) and 135 polychlorinated dibenzo furan (PCDF) substances. Of these, 17 are toxic in very small amounts. PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls) PCBs were used for many years in transformers, capacitors and certain building materials. ? Although PCBs are not produced today, they are still found in the environment from the disposal of products containing PCBs. Hexachlorobenzene: HCB is a byproduct from chlorine gas and pesticide production. Pesticides – Pesticides include DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (insecticide), toxaphene, chlordane, lindane and HCH. – Insecticides include Organophosphorus and carbamate pounds (anticholinesterase punds =nerve agents) and Chlorinated hydrocarbons Environmental Toxins Heavy Metals – The most mon heavy metals disposed of by industry are Mercury, Lead, Chromium, and Arsenic. – Heavy metals are also found naturally in the environment. Environmental Toxins Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation ? Bioaccumulation 生物蓄積性 is the increase in concentration of a pollutant from the environment to the first anism 有機(jī)體 in a food chain 食物鏈 , it refers to how pollutants enter the food chain ? Biomagnification 生物放大 is the increase of a pollutant from one link in a food chain to another. It refers to the tendency 傾向 of a pollutant to concentrate 集中 as they move from trophic level 營養(yǎng)水平 in an ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng) to the next. ? Biological Magnification 生物 放大 – process whereby substances move up the food chain, work their way into rivers or lakes, and a
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