chaptereightpragmatics-文庫吧
2025-07-29 14:57 本頁面
【正文】 n rules Examples ? It was a hot Christmas day so we went down to the beach in the afternoon and had a good time swimming and surfing. ? A: Do you like rugby? B: I am a New Zealander. ? A: You speak beautiful English. B: My English is very poor. Situation knowledge Time place Topic formality Relation Bt. users Examples ? 吃過了嗎 ? (時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)不同產(chǎn)生不同意義嗎？ ) 兩個熟人打招呼。 說話人手里拿著包子。 說話人與聽話人約好去超市，催促動身。 說話人與聽話人密謀害人。 Examples ? A：做啥呢？ B：看手機(jī)呢。 A：我早都看過了。 B：手機(jī)，我要買手機(jī)。 ? Mutual knowldedge: shared by the speaker amp。 hearer Examples ? A: Are you going to the seminar? B: It?s on linguistics. ? A: Would you like some coffee? B: Coffee would keep me awake. ? A: 這件衣服很漂亮，可惜我今天帶的錢不夠了。 B: 那就下次再買吧。 Context amp。 language use ? C determines the hearer?s interpretation of what is said to him. ? C governs the speaker?s use of language. ? Q: Any examples? Examples ? Inclass conversation vs. afterclass ? Borrowing a pen vs. 200 yuan ? Borrowing sth from your classmates vs. from your teacher ? Talking to a twoyearold vs. your parents ? Talking to a girlfriend vs. boyfriend Definition of Pragmatics ? The study of language in use. ? The study of language production amp。 language prehension. ? The study of meaning in context. ? The study of language in relation to its users. ? The study of speakers? M, utterance M, amp。 contextual M. 2. Speech Act Theory ? John Austin ? How to Do Things with Words (1962) ? speech acts: actions performed via utterances Constatives vs. performatives ? Constatives: utterances which roughly serves to state a fact, report that something is the case, or describe what something is, eg: ? I go to the park every Sunday. ? I teach English. ? Performatives: utterances which are used to perform acts, do not describe or report anything at all。 the uttering of the sentence is the doing of an action. ? I do. ? I name this ship Queen Elizabeth. ? I bet you sixpence it will rain tomorrow.
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