【正文】 2． 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯的 字?jǐn)?shù)： 非英語專業(yè)學(xué)生應(yīng)完成與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) /論文課題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的不少于 2021 漢字的外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯任務(wù)（其中，漢語言文學(xué)專業(yè)、藝術(shù)類專業(yè)不作要求），英語專業(yè)學(xué)生應(yīng)完成不少于 2021 漢字的二外文獻(xiàn)翻譯任務(wù)。 格式按《華中科技大學(xué)武昌分校本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) /論文撰寫規(guī)范》的要求撰寫。 3． 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯附于開題報告之后：第一部分為譯文，第二部分為 外文文獻(xiàn)原文，譯文與原文均需單獨(dú)編制頁碼（底端居中）并注明出處 。本附件為封面，封面上不得出現(xiàn)頁碼。 4．外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯原文由指導(dǎo)教師指定，同一指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)的學(xué)生不得選用相同的外文原文。 1 中文譯文： 城市電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的最基本要求是安全與穩(wěn)定。城市電網(wǎng)安全穩(wěn)定的核心問題是要建立一個與該城市相適應(yīng)的、合理的電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。本文通過對電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃和電力設(shè)計(jì)方面的技術(shù)原則分析。闡述了在電網(wǎng)安全中關(guān)于電壓等級、供電可靠性、供電能力以及電網(wǎng)安全供電的準(zhǔn)則要求等方面應(yīng)注意的一些問題；以及有針對性的闡述了對 220kV 變電站和 110kV 變電站的具體設(shè)計(jì)原則相對 電網(wǎng)安全供電的要求。 如何保證供電可靠性 1)滿足電網(wǎng)供電安全準(zhǔn)則。供電網(wǎng)絡(luò)滿足供電可靠性的要求。全部滿足 Nl 的準(zhǔn)則，城區(qū)中心高負(fù)荷密度區(qū)域重要用戶滿足 N2 的準(zhǔn)則。不允許變壓器過載。濟(jì)南城網(wǎng)供電可靠率指標(biāo)規(guī)劃目標(biāo)為 99． 99％。 2)城市中壓配電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷轉(zhuǎn)移能力滿足以下要求： ①變電站失去任何一回進(jìn)線或一臺主變壓器而降低供電能力時，中壓配電網(wǎng)具有轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷確保供電的能力。 ②變電站的一段母線因放停運(yùn)時，中壓配電網(wǎng)應(yīng)具有轉(zhuǎn)移全部負(fù)荷的能力。 ③ 10kV 配電線路任何一段檢修或故障時，配電網(wǎng)應(yīng)具備轉(zhuǎn)移非檢修 、非故障段負(fù)荷的能力。非檢修、非故障段負(fù)荷停電時間僅為配電設(shè)備倒閘操作時間。 3)配電網(wǎng)故障造成用戶停電時，允許停電的容量和恢復(fù)供電的目標(biāo)時間滿足以下原則： ①兩回路供電的用戶，失去一條回路后，應(yīng)不限電。 ②三回路供電的用戶，失去一條回路后，應(yīng)不限電，再失去一條回路后，應(yīng)滿足供電容量 5070％用電。 ③一回路或多回路供電的用戶電源全停時，恢復(fù)供電的目標(biāo)時間為一回路故障處理恢復(fù)的時問。 ④在環(huán)網(wǎng)供電方式中對于開環(huán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的用戶，環(huán)網(wǎng)故障時的最低恢復(fù)供電要求是需通過電網(wǎng)操作恢復(fù)供電的時間，其目標(biāo)時間為 操作所需的時問；配網(wǎng)自動化線路是通過配網(wǎng)自動化限制在 lmin 內(nèi)恢復(fù)完好區(qū)段的供電。 供電能力和安全性 1)城網(wǎng)中各電壓層網(wǎng)容量之間，按一定的變電容載比配置，各級電壓網(wǎng)變電容載比滿足現(xiàn)行《城市電力網(wǎng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)導(dǎo)則》規(guī)定的上限要求。根據(jù) 2021 年國家經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易委員會頒布的電力行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《電力系統(tǒng)安全穩(wěn)定導(dǎo)則》中指出： N． 1 準(zhǔn) 2 則為正常運(yùn)行方式下的電力系統(tǒng)中任一元件 (如線路、發(fā)電機(jī)、變壓器等 )無故障或因故障斷開，電力系統(tǒng)應(yīng)能保持穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行和正常供電，其他元件不過負(fù)荷，電壓和頻率均在允許范圍內(nèi)。這通常稱為 N1 準(zhǔn)則。電網(wǎng) 供電安全準(zhǔn)則有： Nl 準(zhǔn)則、準(zhǔn) N2 準(zhǔn)則和 N2 準(zhǔn)則。城市配電網(wǎng)的供電安全通常要求是采用 N1 準(zhǔn)則。在供電安全特別重要的地方也有采用準(zhǔn) N2 準(zhǔn)則或 N2 準(zhǔn)則。 2)中壓配電網(wǎng)具有一定的備用容量，一般應(yīng)有 50％裕度，當(dāng)任一元件檢修和故障停運(yùn)時，應(yīng)通過倒閘操作能保持向用戶或非事故段用戶繼續(xù)供電，轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷時配電網(wǎng)的各元件不過負(fù)荷、不限電。變電站兩臺主變同時停電時，公用線路應(yīng)調(diào)出 60％以上負(fù)荷。 The most basic request that charged barbed wire in the city circulates is safe and st core problem of charged barbed wire safety in the city stability wants to build up to be a with the city mutually acmodative of, reasonable of charged barbed wire text passes and programs to the charged barbed wire with electric power and designs the technique principle of the aspect the standard concerning electric voltage grade, power supply credibility, power supply ability and charged barbed wire safe power supply requests etc. some problems that should notice in the charged barbed wire safety。And have already aimed at sex39。s elaborating request to the concrete design principle opposite charged barbed wire safe power supply of the 220 kV transformer substation and 110kV transformer substation. How to promise power supply credibility 1)Satisfy charged barbed wire power supply safe power supply work satisfies the request of power supply standard that all satisfies Nl, city area center high burden density important customer in the district satisfy the standard of transformer over a southern city power supply credibility rate index sign programming target is %. 2)Press to go together with charged barbed wire burden to transfer ability in the city satisfy following request: 3 ① The transformer substation loses any once enter line or one set lord transformer but lower power supply ability, win press to go together with charged barbed wire to have to transfer burden to ensure the ability of power supply. ② When a female line of transformer substation stops a luck because of , winning to press to go together with charged barbed wire should have the ability that transfer all burden. ③ When the 10 kv goes together with electric wire road any check to fix or breaks down, going together with the charged barbed wire should have noncheck of transfer to fix, nonbreakdown segment ability for non check fixs, The nonbreakdown segment carries to the power is off time only for go together with to give or get an electric shock an equipments to pour a Zha operation for time. 3)Ask to satisfy a following principle while allowing the capacity of the power outage and the target of the instauration power supply while going together with charged barbed wire breakdown to make the customer the power is off: ① The customer of two back track power supplies , after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock. ② The customer of three back track power supplies , after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock, again after losing a back track, should satisfy power supply capacity 5070% is used an electricity. ③ When all of a back track or much customer39。s the power of back track power supplies stopped, resume target time of power supply broke down to handle for a back track restored of ask. ④ At wreath power supply method in for open the customer in the wreath work, the lowest instauration power supply request for breaking down wreath is to need to pass charged barbed wire operation instauration. Power supply of time, its target time need for operating of ask。It is the power supply that passes to go together with automation restriction to resume an intact block in the l min to go together with automation circuit. Power supply ability and safety. Of each electric voltage layer capacity in the city , press definitely change the electric capacity carry to pare an allocation, the all levels electric voltage chang 4 es the electric capacity carry pare satisfy the upper limit request that current 《 electric power in the city programming design lead 》 stipulates. According to 2021 national economy trade mittee promulgation of electric power profession standard 《 electric power system safety stability lead 》 middle finger: standard is under the normal movement method of the any ponent(is like circuit, generator, and transformer...etc.) in the electric power system have no break down or because of break down break to open, electric power system should Can keep stable to circulate with normal power supply, other ponents however carry, electric voltage and frequency all are allowing inside the is usually called N. one standard. The charged barbed wire power supply safe standard has:Nl standard and quasi N one 2 standards and Ns is one 2 standards. City39。s going toget