外文翻譯---污水處理-環(huán)境工程-文庫(kù)吧
2025-04-17 09:17 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 二次沉淀 在第二階段處理的最后一步是為了使生物絮凝或過濾材料沉淀和產(chǎn)出含有有機(jī)物質(zhì)及懸浮物含量極低的污水。 生物轉(zhuǎn)盤 主條目：旋轉(zhuǎn)生物接觸池 旋轉(zhuǎn)生物接觸池（ RBCs）是機(jī)械二級(jí)處理系統(tǒng)，在承受激增的有機(jī)負(fù)荷時(shí)有強(qiáng)大的應(yīng)該變能力。旋轉(zhuǎn)生物接觸池 于 1960年在德國(guó)第一次安裝，至今已發(fā)展完善成為一種可靠的處理工序。轉(zhuǎn)盤為污水中的細(xì)菌和微生物提供生長(zhǎng)方面的支持，用來破壞與穩(wěn)定有機(jī)污染物。要取得成功，就要提供微生物生活所需的氧氣和生長(zhǎng)所需的食物。 氧氣是轉(zhuǎn)盤旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中從大氣中獲得的。當(dāng)微生物成長(zhǎng)時(shí)，它們建立于轉(zhuǎn)盤介質(zhì)之上， 直到它們被污水中轉(zhuǎn)盤旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生的剪切力所甩開。 從旋轉(zhuǎn)生物接觸池流出的污水，將通過最后澄清池在那里懸浮的微生物將沉淀為絮狀物。 澄清池中的污泥將被分離進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步處理。 與其功能類似的生物過濾系統(tǒng)已成為家庭魚缸受歡迎的過濾和凈化的一部分。該過濾系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)為水先流出池子，之后瀑布般自由流經(jīng)一個(gè)皺褶的纖維網(wǎng)格轉(zhuǎn)輪，之后在穿過一個(gè)含有介質(zhì)的過濾器，然后流回魚缸。紗網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)輪將成為一個(gè)以水族箱中懸浮飼料廢物為食的微生物形成的生物膜，同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)輪也由于旋轉(zhuǎn)而暴露于大氣。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)尤其是善于消除魚類和其他動(dòng)物通過排泄而在水中產(chǎn)生的尿素和浪費(fèi)尿素和氨。 附錄 2 外文參考文獻(xiàn)（原文） Sewage treatment Abstract： Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment. This material is often inadvertently contaminated with many toxic organic and inorganic pounds. Key words: Sewage treatment, fixedfilm and suspendedgrowth, Activated sludge Origins of sewage Sewage is created by residences, institutions, and mercial and industrial establishments. Raw influent (sewage) includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks, and so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and merce. The separation and draining of household waste into greywater and blackwater is being more mon in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hardstanding areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, mercial, and industrial liquid waste discharges, and may include stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as bined systems or bined sewers. Such systems are usually avoided since they plicate and thereby reduce the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. The variability in flow also leads to often larger than necessary, and subsequently more expensive, treatment facilities. In addition, heavy storms that contribute more flows than the treatment plant can handle may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for stormwater in areas that are developed with sewer systems. As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles and other sediment, heavy metals, organic pounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include sedimentation basins, wetlands, buried concrete vaults with various kinds of filters, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids). Process overview Sewage can be treated close to where it is created (in septic tanks, biofilters or aerobic treatment systems), or collected and transported via a work of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant (see sewerage and pipes and infrastructure). Sewage collection and treatment is typically subject to local, state and federal regulations and standards. Industrial sources of wastewater often require specialized treatment processes (see Industrial wastewater treatment). Conventional sewage treatment may involve three stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom whil
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