【正文】 。在多機作業(yè)的情況下，臂桿的高差要足夠，以避免不安全的碰撞，保證安全運轉(zhuǎn)。各個塔式起重機之間要有相應(yīng)的安全距離，以保證臂桿與塔身不相碰撞。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)比較適用于規(guī)整、勻稱以及較平的建筑平面，所以安裝流水線的布置要因地制宜。 油漆工藝流程 基層處理 首先把金屬的表面清理干凈，然后再做除銹。手工處理先用鋼絲刷反復(fù)刷打，再用精砂布打磨，使得表面光亮、平滑，然后再用棉紗或者紗布把打磨下的銹粉和浮灰清理干凈。如果表面腐蝕嚴(yán)重，則用鋼絲刷和鏟刀處理，大面積的銹蝕則可以用砂輪機來配合清理。 涂防銹漆、刮膩子 在涂漆前要保證金屬表面的干燥，如果有水份則要立即擦干。施涂時要刷細、刷滿、涂刷到位，并且要注意鉚孔內(nèi)不能有涂料涂入。待到防銹漆干燥后，采用和油漆配套的膩子把構(gòu)件 的表面缺陷刮平?？梢栽谀佔又屑尤脒m量的紅丹粉或者厚漆，從而增加其干硬性。在膩子干燥后要打磨平整，并清理干凈。如果堆放的時間太長，則要再做一次涂刷。 涂磷化底漆 磷化底漆包括底漆和磷化液兩部分。在涂刷磷化底漆兩個小時以后就可以涂刷其它面漆或底漆。通常情況下，二十四個小時后可以用清水或者毛刷清理表面的磷化殘留物。干燥后如果表面形成了均勻的灰褐色的磷化膜，則代表已經(jīng)達到了磷化的要求。 刷涂面漆 刷涂面漆時要多理多刷，油要不流不墜、飽滿均勻、色澤光亮一致。涂刷后要及時檢查避免漏刷。鋼 結(jié)構(gòu)的面漆通常需要刷兩遍以上，厚度達 70微米。 附件 2：外文原文 Research and application of steel structures in civil engineering Civil engineering structures used to the two materials, . reinforced concrete and structural steel, for civil engineering, not only from the structural characteristics of the viewpoint, but also consider the costeffectiveness of construction and the construction of validity. This article analyzes the characteristics of steel structures in civil engineering, and briefly discusses the steel structure construction points. Civil engineering steel structure characteristics 、 Strength Generally, the structural member the ability to withstand or acmodate the effect of action by the strength of the material determined. Can make use of the relevant national standards to determine the performance of the structural steel member, and these standards are listed in the material of the steel structure can be used, such as building the structural steel to meet the the CSA standard ASTM standardA992/A992M or CAN / CSA , construction steel has undergone great changes, the past building structure with tensile strength and yield strength data were drawn from the history of CISC (2020), and Canada for structural steel engineering and building structural steel standard set of seven steel grades and 8 intensity level. According to the yield strength range of 260 to 700 MPa. But not all kinds of steel have all the intensity level, so if a particular building steel structure design, choice of steel types and intensity level is very important. Whole steel structure can reduce material consumption, reduce structural weight, lower support member and the size of the foundation, and ultimately reduce the cost of the entire structure of the building. 、 Stiffness The suitability parameters of the stiffness of the vibration, deformation, etc. is determined by the stiffness of the member, and thus is determined by the stiffness of the structural system. The actual stiffness of the structural syste m to determine the distribution of its member and the connecting member. But simply to the stiffness of the member is determined by the geometric crosssectional properties of the material and the modulus of elasticity of the material, the modulus of elasticity of the structural steel 200GPa and the elastic modulus in normal density concrete pressive strength in the range of 2040Gpa the amount is usually in the range 2028GPa。 even for highstrength concrete, the elastic modulus, but also between 4045GPa, therefore, the steel structure of the steel concrete times and about five times, so the rigidity of the steel structure has a significant advantage. 、 Ductility Ductility refers to a material stretch in the process of plastic deformation without fracture. Under normal circumstances the ductility is the structural design, in particular the more important characteristics of the