【正文】 料關(guān)鍵部件往 往很難編纂，并通過面對(duì)面的互動(dòng)很多情況下其實(shí)只是轉(zhuǎn)移。 總之，這種靈活的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，可說是相當(dāng)?shù)拿芗?而且 很容易受到外部因素 影響 。這種經(jīng)濟(jì)行為主體的維持非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化互動(dòng)的，密集的模式提供了一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的密集他們尋求相互接近。畢竟，而在 通訊技術(shù)的 迅 速發(fā)展，電信和信息技術(shù)確實(shí)導(dǎo)致了多種交易成本大幅下降，但交易成本 涉及面對(duì)面接觸 的部分 仍然相對(duì)較高，而最重要的是，傾向于隨著距離 的增加而增加 。對(duì)外部易感性另一方面，提供獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，以尋求特別是在大城市地區(qū)的相互接近，因?yàn)檫@些都是環(huán)境，生產(chǎn)等許多外部因素?？傊?，合作，在大城市或城市中的 全球城市區(qū)域的存在使這些企業(yè)的管理與供應(yīng)商和客戶之間的關(guān)系更有效率，能夠廣泛 利用 勞動(dòng)和經(jīng)驗(yàn) 市場(chǎng) ，并相對(duì)容易獲得的有用信息， 并 在正式和非正式的有關(guān)商業(yè)和其他各界的許多種類型分發(fā)。此外，由于全球城市區(qū)域往往也可作為重要的在全球運(yùn)輸和通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備完善的節(jié)點(diǎn)，給予他們良好的居民進(jìn)入世界市場(chǎng)和其他重要場(chǎng)所。這些因素將 為 公司的生產(chǎn)效率，性能和創(chuàng)新能力 做出積極的貢獻(xiàn)，這將為 這個(gè)城市的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和他們 的 地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的 增加動(dòng)力 。 所以， 全球城市區(qū)域 一體化 是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) ，是現(xiàn)在城市發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。 Global cityregion ambitions in the Netherlands : from Randstad to Deltametropolis Author: Bart Lambregts Institute: OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Email: （ P2P6） 2. The concept of global cityregions In the view of Scott et al. (2021), the world’s global cityregions together constitute one of the principle structural works lying at the geographic base of the newly emerging multilevel hierarchy of (interacting) political and economic institutions. Global cityregions are observed to gain importance as political actors that are proactively establishing themselves in national and international political and economic arenas and as increasingly fundamental spatial units and regional motors of the global economy. As pared to the ‘global city’ concept (Sassen, 1991), global cityregions are conceptualised as polarised regional economies each consisting of one or more central metropolitan areas and their surrounding hinterlands (Scott, 1998, p. 68). Typical examples of such global cityregions include Greater New York (perhaps even stretching from Boston to Philadelphia), the Los AngelesSan DiegoTijuana area,Greater London/Southeast England, TokyoNagoyaOsaka, 206。le de France (Greater Paris)and the Dutch Randstad. However, ‘emerging’ global city regions such as Shanghai,Pearl River Delta, Bangkok, S227。o Paulo, Buenos Aires and Cairo should be reckoned with as well (Scott, 1998。 Scott et al., 2021。 see also Simmonds and Hack, 2021). Each global cityregion – in its capacity as a regional motor of the new global economy –must be viewed as being the site of ‘intricate works of specialized but plementary forms of economic activity, together with large, multifaceted local labor markets, and [as] a locus of powerful agglomeration economies and increasing return effects’ (Scott, 1998, p. 68). In addition, as a bined result of a) the growing awareness – also among local and regional authorities – that cities and regions pete with each other for r esources in the global economy, and b) the ongoing redistribution of tasks and responsibilities between various tiers of government, local and regional authorities are increasingly pressed or tempted to chose between ‘passive subjection to external crossborder pressures’, or active institutionbuilding and policymaking in an effort to make the best of the threats and opportunities of globa