【正文】 pics of conversation.B.The atmosphere of the conversation.C.The listener39。s experiences and tastes.D.The listener39。s curiosity and concern.（4）What does the underlined part juiceup conversations mean? A.making conversations more boringB.making conversations livelierC.making conversations smootherD.making conversations more relaxing【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文本文是一篇議論文，我們談話時最大的問題之一是尷尬的沉默。遇到這種情況是很不舒服的。作者就這一論點表達了自己的觀點。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“But later I learned that once you know how to keep those words flowing, you can meet and talk to anyone you like, which helps create great possibilities for friendship, fun and shared activities”可知如果在談話時能打破尷尬的沉默，知道說什么，怎么說，就能為友誼，樂趣和共享活動創(chuàng)造巨大的可能性，就能豐富社交生活。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“It is the reflex (習慣性思維) that allows you to say whatever goes on in your mind. It39。s fun to realize that you39。re allowed to say whatever is on your mind.”可知習慣性思維讓我們表達我們內(nèi)心所想，意識到你可以說出你心里想說的話，是很有趣的。所以在和別人交流時我們應該自由表達。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“All of the ‘Oh! That39。s interesting…’ ‘Hmm, I39。ve never heard of that’ ‘Hmm, cool!‘ expressions are reactionary (保守的) bits of conversation that prove to the other person that you39。re really you show some interest, they39。ll hang around and want to talk to you even more.”聽者的贊美之詞和他們有興趣想了解更多的好奇心和關注，是說者最關心的。故選D。（4）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The more interesting, stranger or more frightening they are, the harder they are to forget.”可知故事越有趣或越驚險，就越吸引人，聽者就越難忘記，這說明了故事在談話中的重要性。劃線詞語所在的句子指每個人都知道故事會讓對話變得生動有趣，“juiceup conversations”指讓對話變得生動有趣，與B項同義。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解 Forcing waiters and waitresses to survive on tips from customers rather than normal wages is a pointless, crude, and unique American custom that, in the past several years, a handful of progressive restaurant owners have attempted to do away with. Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the pany39。s 13 restaurants. What, exactly, is wrong with tipping? As Brian Palmer has explained, more or less it39。s everything. To start, leaving a waiter39。s pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (階級歧視). And in theory, handing restaurant customers the power to tip is at least supposed to motivate better service. This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (隨意的) about their tipping behavior. Research has shown that the amount diners tip has very little to do with their level of satisfaction. All of this doesn39。t encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible. Tipping is also very unfair to kitchen staff. The law allows restaurants to divide tips between frontofthehouse workers like waiters, hosts, hostesses, and bartenders (調(diào)酒師), but not cooks. This creates a system in which the people serving the food in a restaurant can earn more than the people preparing it. One of the most fascinating parts of Meyer39。s move is that, unlike some restaurant owners who have taken an antitipping stand, he won39。t simply add a standard extra charge to diners39。 bills. Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal. If Meyer manages to move away from tipping at all without hurting his profits, it would almost certainly set the stage for others to follow suit.（1）What39。s Danny Meyer39。s attitude towards stopping tipping? A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Objective.D.Doubtful.（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A.Tipping may disturb the restaurants39。 management.B.Tipping will guarantee diners high quality service.C.Tipping can arouse the staff39。s enthusiasm for work.D.Tipping will bring customers a sense of satisfaction.（3）What can we know about Union Square Hospitality group? A.Brian Palmer is in charge of it now.B.Its cooks earn much more than its servers.C.Restaurant tipping has been totally banned there.D.Diners will be charged more for the dishes there.（4）What is the topic of the passage? A.Restaurants39。 getting rid of tipping.B.Difficulties that restaurants are faced with.C.The popularity of notipping restaurants.D.Tips on running restaurants successfully.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了強迫服務員和侍者靠顧客的小費，而不是正常的工資維持生計是一種毫無意義、粗魯、獨特的美國風俗，過去幾年，一些進步的餐館老板試圖消除這種風俗。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the pany39。s 13 restaurants.”可知Danny Meyer宣布他計劃逐步停止在該公司13家餐廳給小費，這表明他對停止給小費是支持的，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“l(fā)eaving a waiter39。s pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (階級歧視)．This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (隨意的) about their tipping behavior.”和“All of this doesn39。t encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible.”可知給服務員小費有一個階級歧視的感覺，由于人類的隨意性并不能達到預期效果，起不到鼓勵服務員的作用。這些都會擾亂飯店的管理，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal.”可知Union Square Hospitality Group打算提高菜單價格，這樣顧客就會為飯菜多支付錢，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Danny Meyer, …… has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the pany39。s 13 restaurants.”點明了本文主要內(nèi)容，下文介紹了給小費的不良影響及Danny Meyer這一舉動的意義。本文是圍繞禁止給小費這一事件寫的，Restaurants39。 getting rid of tipping適合作為標題，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解 Rescue workers had collected 820 birds from the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the majority of them alrea