【正文】 when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”changes how they experience and react to the adversity.（1）According to the passage, resilience is an individual39。s ability________. A.to think criticallyB.to decide one39。s own fateC.to live a better lifeD.to recover from adversity（2）What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.The psychologistsB.The resilient childrenC.Positive elementsD.Internal locus of control（3）According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________. A.your positive perception may turn adversity aroundB.stressful events are more predictive than delightful eventsC.experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on sufferingD.a negative response doesn39。t guarantee you will suffer all the time（4）What is the author39。s purpose of writing this passage? A.To teach people how to be resilientB.To encourage people to live through adversityC.To indicate people39。s perception varies from each otherD.To pare different research findings about resilience【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）A（4）A 【解析】【分析】這是一篇介紹說明類文章。文章介紹了一種品質(zhì)：韌性（resilience）。文章介紹了什么是韌性，韌性的作用，如何培養(yǎng)韌性等內(nèi)容。（1）推理判斷題。由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won39。t know how resilient they are. It39。s only when they39。re faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, es out. Some give in and some conquer”可知，那些沒有經(jīng)歷過逆境的人不會知道自己有多大的韌性。只有當他們面對障礙，壓力等逆境時，他們才能知道自己的韌性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度過了逆境。由此可知，那些成功度過逆境的人屬于非常有韌性的人。韌性應該指克服逆境的能力。故答案選D。（2）詞義猜測題。由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(內(nèi)控點)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.”可知，那些有韌性的孩子擁有所謂的“內(nèi)控點”。他們認為他們影響了自己的成就，而不是他們所處的環(huán)境影響了他們的成就。這些有韌性的孩子將自己看作是自己命運的主宰者。由此可知，they指的就是the resilient children。故答案選B。（3）推理判斷題。由第四段中的“He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might e from perception(認知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(創(chuàng)傷), or as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，一些人比另一些人更擅長處理逆境。這種差別來自他們的認知。如果他們將逆境當做是學習和成長的機會，對此做出積極的反應，那么，他們就能很好的處理逆境。反之，如果他們做出消極的反應，那么，他們就不能很好的來處理逆境。由此可以推知，積極的認知可以改變逆境，使情況朝著好的方向發(fā)展。故答案選A。（4）寫作意圖題。文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”這個話題。第二段解釋了什么是resilience，第三和第四段以Garmezy的研究說明，當面對逆境的時候，韌性可以幫助我們扭轉(zhuǎn)逆境，關鍵在于要有積極的認知。第五段強調(diào)，積極的認知是可以學習的。故這篇文章的寫作意圖就是告訴讀者如何使自己有韌性：用積極的態(tài)度去對待逆境。故答案選A?！军c評】閱讀理解寫作意圖、態(tài)度解題技巧：根據(jù)文體類別推斷寫作目的（1）寫作目的（to entertain readers）常見于故事類的文章。（2）寫作目的（to persuade readers）常見于廣告類的文章。在這樣的文章中，作者或是要推銷一種產(chǎn)品﹑一種服務（to sell a product or a service），或是要通過對旅游景點﹑報刊雜志﹑影片﹑電視節(jié)目等的介紹來達到他的寫作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑讀者或訂戶﹑觀眾等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）（3）寫作目的（to inform readers）多見于科普類﹑新聞報道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章，了解這類文章的寫作目的有賴于對文章主題的正確把握，閱讀時有必要找準文章的主題句，或較好地對主題加以歸納。3．閱讀理解 The Maltese Islands are rich in Neolithic (新石器時代的) sites. Ggantija in Gozo, Tarxien, and the Hagar Qim/Mnajdra Complex here on Malta39。s south coast are perhaps the most wellknown. These piles of stones are some of the earliest known manmade structures in the world. They are showing their age a bit but what would you expect for buildings that are five and a half thousand years old. My house was built in the year 2000 and is already in bad condition round the edges. These temples are older than the pyramids! In my opinion the temples are best seen after the visitors have left. Come with me for a late afternoon walk down the hill past Hagar Qim towards the Mnajdra Complex. There are chain link fences around the temples now but we can ignore those and try to image why Maltas earliest people went to the trouble of building these structures on this windy and poor hillside. Of course the temples would have looked rather different when they were constructed. They may have been decorated with pigments and possibly even roofed with animal skins or other materials. Who knows? We do know that they were changed and added to over a 1,000 year period or so. Getting to Mnajdra and Hagar Qim is easiest if you have a car. Or if you don39。t mind a hike, you could get a bus to Qrendi(3 km away) or Zurrieq (5 km away) and walk from there. Warning: although the distances are not too great, walking several kilometers in the Maltese sun can be very hard and possibly dangerous. Take water and sunscreen.（1）What makes the writer wonder about the temples? A.Their history.B.Their appearance.C.How they were built.D.When they were built.（2）What are we aware of about the construction of the temples? A.They have been transformed.B.They look the same as before.C.They were carefully designed.D.They are not what they used to be.（3）How can we admire the sites getting least sunburn? A.By hiking there.B.By riding a car.C.By taking water.D.By taking a bus.（4）Where can we possibly find this article? A.In a political speech.B.In a historical fiction.C.Ina travel magazine.D.In a geography text book.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文為記敘文。馬耳他群島擁有豐富的新石器時代遺址，尤其是馬耳他群島的寺廟建筑群最為著名。（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)描述可知，作者在第一段對寺廟的期待。第二段對寺廟外圍的描述，第