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rabusiness EC ? businesstoemployees (B2E) ? collaborative merce (cmerce) ? elearning ? exchange (electronic) ? exchangetoexchange (E2E) ? egovernment 19 Emerce Business Models ? Business models—a method of doing business by which a pany can generate revenue to sustain itself, which normally includes revenue model and value proposition. ? Revenue model: Description of how the pany or an EC project will earn money ? Value proposition: The benefits of a pany can derive from using EC ? What is the difference between business model, business plan and business case? 20 (Turban et al. 2023, p. 74) 21 Typical Business Models in ECommerce 1. Online direct marketing 2. Electronic tendering systems ?tendering (bidding) system: Model in which a buyer requests wouldbe sellers to submit bids。 the lowest bidder wins 3. Electronic marketplaces and exchanges 4. Viral marketing 5. Social working and Web tools 6. Also name your own price, group purchasing and others….. 22 (Developed from Turban et al. 2023) 23 Some Drivers of EC Growth (Turban et al. 2023) 24 (Turban et al. 2023, ) Exhibit Limitations of Electronic Commerce 25 Barriers of EC ? Security ? Trust and risk ? Lack of qualified personnel ? Lack of business models ? Culture ? User authentication and lack of public key infrastructure ? Organization ? Fraud ? Slow navigation on the Inter ? Legal issues 26 How Inter Influences Industry Structure (Turban et al., p. 123) 27 ? Use Porter’s model to assess the petitive position of a large online trader. It is suggested that the discussion is of (as an online bookstore) against its online and conventional petitors. ? The external forces are: ? Suppliers, principally the publishers。 ? New Entrants, the possibility of new (large scale) online bookshops being se