【正文】 lpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research. [參考譯文 ] 一項關(guān)于 1996年新聞報道的調(diào)查顯示，反科學的標簽還可以貼在許多其 他團體身上，從提倡消滅最后存留的天花病毒的權(quán)威機構(gòu)，到鼓吹削減 基礎(chǔ)研究經(jīng)費的共和黨人 (都被貼上了反科學的標簽 )。true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. [參考譯文 ] 環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)、斯坦福大學的保羅 48. This developmentand its strong implication for US politics and economy in years aheadhas enthroned the South as America39。s head counting. [參考譯文 ] 這種發(fā)展 以及其對美國政治、經(jīng)濟在未來幾年的潛在的強有力的影 響一一使得南部在全國人 口普查中有史以來首次成為美國人口最密集 的地區(qū)。 50. As a result, California39。s, to percentlittle more than two thirds the 196039。 51. Unlike most of the world39。s surface。 52. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth39。 53. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks)。t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. [參考譯文 ] 盡管警告常常是適當而且必須的 比如對于藥物相互作用的危險提出 警告 許多警告還是按州或聯(lián)邦政府規(guī)定要求給出的，然而 (我們 ) 并不清楚，如果顧客受到傷害時，這些警告是不是確實可 以使得生產(chǎn)者 和銷售者豁免責任。 56. In the past year, however, software panies have developed tools that allow panies to push information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. [參考譯文 ] 但是，在過去的一年間，軟件公司已經(jīng)開發(fā)出工具，使得公司可以直接 將信息 推出 給顧客，直接把營銷訊息傳遞給目標顧客。 58. An invisible border divides those arguing for puters in the classroom on the behalf of students39。 59. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is inplete if he cannot petently access how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. [參考譯文 ] 我們更應(yīng)該具有的是作為美國公民的某種觀念，這個公民人物如果不能 很恰當?shù)卣J識到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影響， 那么其公民特征就是不完整的。因為在 其他因素相同的情況下，技能的嫻熟是得到工作與否的關(guān)鍵。夏皮羅為首的獨立的專家組在 90 天內(nèi)向白宮匯報關(guān)于制定有關(guān)克隆人的國家政策的建議。 64. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo39。 65. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. [參考譯文 ] 如果試驗是像科學雜志上的報告所示的那樣如實地根據(jù)計劃規(guī)劃和實施的話，那么對管理層來說，期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的。 67. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team. [參考譯 文 ] 如果科學家對標準式樣的整齊劃一的要求就像他論文的寫作所反映的一 樣，那么管理層就不該因歧視研究者中的 思維與眾不同的人 ，喜歡其 中較為傳統(tǒng)的 善于團隊合作 的思想者而受到指責了。 69. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to e they may be regarded as normal. [參考譯文 ] 當藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的一個新運動發(fā)展成某種流行時尚時，最好應(yīng)該弄清這場運動倡導(dǎo)者的真正意圖，因為，不管他們的原則在今天看來多么牽強無理，很可能多年以后他們的理論會被視為正常。 71. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the riverand then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eightyfive kilograms. [參考譯文 ] 但當我們先是從注釋中得知某詩行講述了一個土耳其軍官和一個保 加利亞軍官在橋上動手打架并雙雙掉進河里，而后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)該行詩中不過只充斥著 撲通，撲通， 185公斤重 這類對他們落水時的動靜以及對軍官們體重的描寫時，我們 不免感到困惑不安。s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. [參考譯文 ] 戰(zhàn)后嬰兒潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主導(dǎo)的勞動力市場使得青少年的發(fā)展機會變得極為有限，他們已經(jīng)在不停地質(zhì)疑為了爬上日本國內(nèi)那通往優(yōu)秀學校和體面工作的嚴酷的社會階梯而做出的巨大的個人 犧牲。 74. With economic growth has e centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan39。 75. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared。 76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWsthe locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. [參考譯文 ] 當然，人們現(xiàn)在對成功及其各種標志的興趣似乎并不亞于先前。 77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home。 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. [參考譯文 ] 相反，我們被款待看到這樣一些虛偽的壯觀景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時候都更供應(yīng)充足：美國式物質(zhì)主義的批判者卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進書籍的出版商卻在三星級餐廳享用一日三餐；倡導(dǎo)在人生各個階段的參與民主制的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學校。然而， 業(yè)余 一 詞的確意味著相關(guān)人員不能充分融入職業(yè)科學界，尤其未能分享科學圈子的價值。 80. A parison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. [參考譯文 ] 將過去一個半世紀英國地質(zhì)學領(lǐng)域的出版物做一下比較， (我們 )就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對科研的主導(dǎo)地位的強調(diào)不斷攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研論文所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化。 82. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists ing together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to e together nationally in a different way. [參考譯文 ] 一個頗為相似的分化過程已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致專業(yè)的地質(zhì)學家走到一起組成一到兩個全國性的?？茖W術(shù)社團，而業(yè)余地質(zhì)愛好者們傾向于要么仍留在地方社團，要么也以另一種方式組成全國性機構(gòu)。 84. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive Mamp。 demands. [參考譯文 ] 我認為巨