【正文】 e, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：There are occasions when(on which)one must 。Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？2）that代替關(guān)系副詞that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was 。判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last 39。）（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對(duì)）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（對(duì)）I39。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 this museum ___ you visited a few days age? one this the museum ____ the exhibition was one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was ，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1)定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very ，是我們上個(gè)月買的。史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。This novel, which I have read three times, is very ，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called ，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。介詞+關(guān)系詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。As一般放在句首，which在句中。s sun heats the earth, which is very important to 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a ，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could 答案B。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：(1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。I have got into the same trouble as he(has).，常帶有39。As we know, smoking is harmful to one39。s 。先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)what/whatever/that...1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)關(guān)系代詞that的用法1）不用that的情況a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。We depend on the land from which we get our depend on the land that/which we get our food )只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。c)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。.e)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the 第四篇：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)專題十二 定語(yǔ)從句教案高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)教案專題十二——定語(yǔ)從句一、考點(diǎn)聚焦功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)位置：定語(yǔ)從句置于被修飾詞之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here 、先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some, any, every和no與boy,thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。（2）先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。This is the place which is worth visiting.②關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。確定關(guān)系詞的步驟（1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which（1）先行詞被①形容詞最高級(jí) ②序數(shù)詞 ③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時(shí)。（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時(shí)。（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，可被who取代。如： Do you know whose story is very moving ? There is a room, whose window faces the is a room, the window of which faces the 、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。Such books as you bought are school is just the same as it was 10 years ：區(qū)別①such ? that ? 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）無(wú)先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。（非正式場(chǎng)合）I don’t like the way that / in which / he ，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。（2）注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。②強(qiáng)調(diào)it無(wú)意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語(yǔ)從句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）（3）定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。有時(shí)可省略。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語(yǔ))We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語(yǔ))（4）關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。②關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)。（6）關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。本題考查分隔定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞hours, 并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)選擇表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用于下列短語(yǔ)：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。 living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996) 解析：答案為B。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞短語(yǔ)the small town, 且關(guān)系詞不作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)而作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此定語(yǔ)從句必須用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。 English play my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great用心 愛心 專心 which which which which 解析：答案為C。主句部分應(yīng)是The English play at the New Year’s party was a great students acted in the play。 were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her 解析：答案為A。句意是“她的褲子上她擦過手的地方有臟痕”。定語(yǔ)從句修飾trousers，也只能用where。定語(yǔ)從句缺少狀語(yǔ)，不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，故不可用。本題考定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞which指代the journey，定語(yǔ)從句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days,故選of which。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）He is the man whom/ that I saw 。例如：Th