【正文】 and glaciers, sea level has rised to large numbers of cities located in coastal areas, this causes serious erosion takes place, particularly on steep are is a picture of Shanghai at present, while this may be the picture of Shanghai several years serious problem is the threat of salt water intruding into underground fresh water in coastal of people will be forced to leave their homes and 。由于很多城市坐落在沿海地區(qū)，這就可能帶來災難性的問題。濕地逐漸消失。另一個嚴重的問題是鹽水侵入沿海地區(qū)的底下淡水。59頁They dominate the country in influence and are the national sheer size and activity bees a strong pull factor, bringing additional residents to the city and causing the primate city to bee even larger and more disproportional to smaller cities in the , not every country has a primate city, as you39。他們的規(guī)模大小和活動變成一股強大的推動力，帶來額外的居民，讓這些首位城市變得更大，以至于跟國內的其他小城市相比有些不協調。Some scholars define a primate city as one that is larger than the bined populations of the second and third ranked cities in a definition does not represent true primacy, however, as the size of the first ranked city is not disproportionate to the 。The law can be applied to smaller regions as example, California39。舉個例子，加州的首位城市是洛杉磯，城市人口達到1600萬，比舊金山的700高出甚多。69頁Scope of land consolidation schemes（本段藍字為不確定部分）Land consolidation has always been regarded as an instrument or entry point for rural concepts of rural development were virtually the same as agricultural development because of the predominant role of agriculture in rural areas at the the agrarian structure was viewed as being identical to maintaining the social viability in rural areas。早期的農村發(fā)展概念基本上和農業(yè)發(fā)展一樣的，因為那時候的農業(yè)生產占據了農村的主導地位。對農民好也就是對農村地區(qū)好。隨著注意力轉移到農業(yè)發(fā)展上，這些項目服務于鞏固捆綁，增大資產，還這些規(guī)定：修建灌溉和排水基礎設施來提升用水管理能力，修建農村公路，土地平整，土壤改良措施以及改變土地用途比如說把貧瘠的土地轉變?yōu)樯只蛘邼竦?。農村發(fā)展的概念已經變得更加廣闊，已經拓展到包含環(huán)境意識和非農業(yè)應用的領域。Environmental conditions are being given increasing are being constructed to suit the bodies are being restored, often with buffer consolidation projects are also used for the protection of wetlands and to change land use patterns especially in areas endangered by frequent floods or soil 。水體被修復，一般都還有緩沖區(qū)。99頁LeakageThe direct ine for an area is the amount of tourist expenditure that remains locally after taxes, profits, and wages are paid outside the area and after imports are purchased。 expenditures go to the airlines, hotels and other international panies(who often have their headquarters in the travelers39。在大部分全包價旅游中，旅游者支出的80%付給了航空公司，酒店和其他國際公司（通常在旅游者來源國有分支部門），并不是當地的商店或者工人。101頁Tourism development and the related rise in real estate demand may dramatically increase building costs and land only does this make it more difficult for local people, especially in developing countries, to meet their basic daily needs, it can also result in a dominance by outsiders in land markets and inmigration that erodes economic opportunities for the locals, eventually disempowering Costa Rica, close to 65% of the hotels belong to tourists living in second homes, and the socalled amenity migrants(wealthy or retired people and liberal professionals moving to attractive destinations in order to enjoy the atmosphere and peaceful rhythms of life)cause price hikes in their new homes if their numbers attain a certain critical 。在哥斯達黎加，近60%的酒店屬于外國人，長期的游客住在第二個家，這些所謂的美化城市的居民（富人或者退休的人，還有那些想要享受平靜生活和優(yōu)美環(huán)境的自由主義者）的數量如果達到一個臨界值，就會引起他們新家附近的價格飛漲。溫水和降水是必不可少的，第三個條件是在海洋表面有內螺旋的空氣所形成的風。如果在這個更高高度的風是相對輕的，這個結構還會保持完整然后繼續(xù)加強。s surface and permeates cracks of much solid polar regions are overlaid with vast quantities of ice, and the atmosphere of the earth carries water vapor in quantities from percent to 2 percent by has been estimated that the amount of water in the atmosphere above a square mile of land on a mild summer day is of the order of 50,000 ，水是人們最熟悉的、最豐富的一種化合物。水覆蓋了地球表面的大約3/4的面積，并充滿了陸地上的許多裂縫。據估計，在溫暖的夏日，每平方英里陸地上空大氣中的水量約為5萬噸。人類、植物和動物都得用水。每一種生物都需要水。In our homes, whether in the city or in the country, water is essential for cleanliness and average American family uses from 65,000 to 75,000 gallons of water per year for various household ，無論是在城市還是農村，水對于衛(wèi)生和健康來說都是必不可少的。Water can be considered as the principal raw material and the lowest cost raw material from which most of our farm produces is is essential for the growth of crops and animals and is a very important factor in the production of milk and and poultry, if constantly supplied with running water, will produce more meat, more milk, and more eggs per pound of food and per hour of 。水是農作物和動物生長的要素，也是奶類和蛋類生產的一個很重要的因素。For example, apples are 87% trees on which they grow must have watered many times the weight of the are 75% grow an acre of potatoes tons of water is are 80% not only consume water but also must have large volumes of water in which to is 88% produce one quart of milk a cow requires from to quarts of is 77% produce a pound of beef an animal must drink many times that much there is a shortage of water, there will be a decline in farm production, just as a shortage of steel will cause a decrease in the production of ，蘋果含87%的水分，蘋果樹就必須吸收比蘋果多許多倍的水分；土豆含75%的水分，那么種植每英畝土豆就需要若干噸水；牛奶含水量為88%，為了生產每夸脫牛奶，母～ 夸脫的水；牛肉含77%的水，為生產1磅牛肉牛必須飲用許多磅水。In addition to the direct use of water in our homes and on the farm, there are many indirect ways in which water affects our manufacturing, generation of electric power, transportation, recreation, and in many other ways, water plays a very important ，它還以許多間接的方式對我們的生活產生影響。Our use of water is increasing rapidly with our growing there are acute shortages of both surface and underground waters in many pollution and contamination of our streams, lakes, and underground sources has greatly impaired the quality of the water which we do have is therefore of utmost importance for our future that good conservation and sanitary measures be practiced by 。由于任意污染河流、湖泊和地下水源，已經大大地損害了人們能夠利用的水的水質。Lesson 18 evapotranspiration 騰發(fā)量Evaporation is the transfer of water from the liquid to the vapor is the process by which plants remove moisture from the soil and relea