【正文】 with diabetes. In order to enhance the medication pliance of diabetes patients, scholars of both abroad and at home go in for study on non injection way of administration and probe into an ideal administration route of insulin so as to enhance the therapeutic effect of insulin. Key words insulin。 administration route Insulin (insulin, INS) is a peptide drugs to treat diabetes, since 1921, Banting and Best discovered for the first time in the clinical application of INS has been using subcutaneous injection. For decades, people in order to improve the efficacy of INS, INS formulations continuous improvement, constantly updated INS injection devices, but these methods are ultimately inseparable from the injection means. Therefore, application of noninjecting means INS has been an ideal way for people to explore. INS agents, including noninjecting means of lung inhalation,oral preparations, mucosal delivery formulations and trandermal delivery systems [1]. Due to many new technologies, to the INS, the application of noninjecting means a very good development. INS is now the present we reviewed the route of administration. 1 INS injection injection Different parts of the INS be fast or slow absorption of subcutaneous abdominal injection absorbed the fastest, followed by upper arms, thighs, buttocks. INS also absorbed dose levels and physical activity, the greater the dose, the higher the concentration, slower absorption and absorption rate of movement will increase. Abdominal area, there are advantages of subcutaneous injection, usually the abdomen of adulttype arrangement for rotation or subcutaneous injection, as two distance 2 cm, can be injected with 180 points [2], 3 times per day calculated for continuous injection 2 months later to the cycle. infusion Mainly applied to diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic a, severe trauma, infection, surgical treatment of perioperative who use intravenous 常州工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 共 71 頁 第 17 頁 infusion of small doses of available INS. INS pump INS pump treatment of diabetes, can effectively simulate the continuing based on INS secretion and meal pulsed release, the INS infusion into the patient39。 deep muscle can gradually see the wound granulation, after 12 weeks of dressing, the wound healing scab. inhalation Relative to the absorption of peptide drugs, the lungs have more advantages, such as large alveolar surface area (50 m2 ~ 140 m2), very thin alveolar membrane, rich capillary work, and not the first highpermeability pass effect, narrow blood path, low activity, deep slow lung clearance rate, etc., these good physical environment for the absorption of peptide provided favorable conditions [4].In recent years, progressive pulmonary route of administration attention. INS inhalation require special technologies and facilities, mon technologies that are Techno sphere and AIR [5]. Most clinical trials show that in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, the inhaled and subcutaneous INS INS pared with the same safety and effectiveness, and more receptive to the patient [68]. INS agents present pelling pulmonary delivery, which people with diabetes will be a great blessing. Oral administration Route of administration of oral administration is the most convenient of all kind, patient pliance is best. However, INS, as a protein, the absorption in the 常州工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 共 71 頁 第 18 頁 gastrointestinal tract is difficult to overe the acid catalyzed deposition, protein degradation, and poor mucosal barrier peration, with the disadvantage of low bioavailability, thereby improving the bioavailability of the drug is a pharmaceutical scientist Research has been the problem. Intraperitoneal administration Intraperitoneal administration is foreigndeveloped a device called a subcutaneous peritoneal entry device, it would be on the transplant at the umbilicus, buried in the skin, the internal opening in the abdominal cavity, the switch needed daily to the intraperitoneal injection of INS [11]. ocular drug delivery INS eye drops eye drops is a simple and convenient dosage form, the conjunctiva of patients to be instilled through the absorption of INS [12]. INS mainly through the conjunctiva and nasolacrimal duct mucosa absorption of glucose into the systemic circulation to achieve the effect. The general content of less eyes, INS short duration of action, bioavailability is low, so people working on the role of time can be extended INS eye drops, eye drops and select a small irritant. Yungchi, etc. [13] With good biopatibility, physical and chemical properties of stable and biodegradable gelatin sponge as a skeleton made of INS intraocular drug delivery device, the device with absorption enhancers, by the eye after administration, 2 h blood glucose decreased by 50% to 62%, and the duration of 4 h ~ 6 h, is 10 times the normal eye drops INS. intranasal administration Rich in blood vessels in nasal mucosa on the protease content of less than the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the destruction of enzyme inactivation of INS is to improve the bioavailability of the drug. Many pharmacokiic studies show that the mechanism of nasal absorption of INS and INS in vivo release of endogenous very similar, for nasal administration to provide a theoretical basis for INS. Intranasal administration need to add absorption enhancers, such as bile salts, lauryl, etc. in order to increase absorption. Adding absorption enhancers can improve the bioavailability of drugs, but 25% of the patients had nasal stimulation, and could potentially damage the nasal mucosa and the risk of ciliary motility [14]. Oral administration The absorption surface area of buccal mucosa 100 cm2 ~ 200cm2, transparent sound, low protease activity, vascular rich. Therefore, the buccal mucosa