談法律法規(guī)中指示語的翻譯-在線瀏覽
2025-02-02 06:36本頁面
【正文】 romtreaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, andto promote social progress and better standards of life in large freedom,b. 我聯(lián)合國人民同茲決心欲免后世再遭今代人類兩度身歷慘不堪言之戰(zhàn)禍，重申基本人權(quán)，人格尊嚴與價值，以及男女與大小各國平等權(quán)利之信念，創(chuàng)造適當(dāng)環(huán)境，俾克維持正義，尊重由條約與國際法其他淵源而起之義務(wù)，久而弗懈，促成大自由中之社會進步及較善之民生， （《聯(lián)合國憲章》序言）（ 4b ）對于（ 4a ）的翻譯完全忠實于原文的語言風(fēng)格，這不僅體現(xiàn)在它在處理指示語方面而且表現(xiàn)在句法，詞匯等方面，事實上“時代性”本身就體現(xiàn)了時間指示的特征。鑒于此，筆者建議改變原文的時間參數(shù)，把文章放在現(xiàn)在讀者所處的時間框架里，采用現(xiàn)代語言來進行翻譯。由于漢語的動詞沒有時態(tài)標志，所以漢語只有通過表示時間的詞或短語來表示時間，對于這些語法上的差異，我們可以通過比照補足原則以達到法律交流的目的。b. If an act mitted after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and before the entry into force of this Law was not deemed a crime under the lawat the time, those law shall apply. If the act was deemed a crime under the lawat the timeand is subject to prosecution under the provisions of Section 8, Chapter IV of the General Provisions of this Law, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance withthose , if according to this Law the act is not deemed a crime or is subject to a lighter punishment, this Law shall apply. （《中華人民共和國刑法》第一章第十二條）(5b) 在漢語中，根據(jù)上下文，讀者完全可以判定“當(dāng)時”指的是中華人民共和國成立以后，本規(guī)定實施以前，但在翻譯中，用“ at the time ”，“ those law ”來指代“當(dāng)時的法律”可能會引起歧義，至少目標語讀者要經(jīng)過一番源語讀者不需要的推敲，才能斷定這些指示語指代的時間，這時譯者就要根據(jù)目標語讀者的習(xí)慣加以補充，以便使文章在目標語讀者中達到同樣的效果，根據(jù)比照補足原則，原文的譯文可改為：c. If an act mitted after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and before the entry into force of this Law was not deemed a crime under the lawat the time when the crime was mitted,that law shall apply. If the act was deemed a crime under the lawat the time when the crime was mittedand is subject to prosecution under the provisions of Section 8, Chapter IV of the General Provisions of this Law, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the lawat the time when the crime was mitted. However, if according to this Law the act is not deemed a crime or is subject to a lighter punishment, this Law shall apply.四、地點指示語地點指示語又稱空間指示語，涉及話語所談事物在不同語境中遠近所在。在法律英語中，為了照顧語言的嚴謹性并避免歧義，指示代詞的使用很有限，一般用多詞重復(fù)或用比較完整的短語表達所指對象。b. These Provisions are formulated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, in consideration of the actual situation ofShantou Municipality, for the purpose of strengthening the management of the normative documents theShantou Municipality’s administrative organs, maintaining the uniformity of the legal system and promoting the administrative work in accordance with law.（《汕頭市行政機關(guān)規(guī)范性文件管理規(guī)定》第一章第一條）在上例中，“本市”被翻譯成了“ the Shantou Municipality ”而不是“ this Municipality ”是為了照顧語言的嚴謹。指示語也受整個法律網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的各個因素的制約，在這種制約之下，指示語的使用可以在保證只有一個所指對象的前提下避免原詞語的重復(fù)使用。下面再來看一個關(guān)于“本”的地點指示語的翻譯。 the purpose these Provisions, the term “ normative documents ” refers to the d
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