數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)-在線瀏覽
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【正文】 寫(xiě)規(guī)則、存取規(guī)則、,應(yīng)該考慮如下設(shè)計(jì)原則:? 壓縮性原則:數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和代碼都要精簡(jiǎn).RAM 原則:最小化RAM 的使用.寫(xiě)原則:最小化寫(xiě)操作以減少寫(xiě)代價(jià).讀原則:充分利用快速讀操作.存取原則:利用低粒度和穩(wěn)定內(nèi)存的直接訪問(wèn)能力進(jìn)行讀和寫(xiě).安全原則:保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)不受意外和惡意破壞,最小化算法的復(fù)雜性以避免安全漏洞.微小型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)目前已經(jīng)從研究領(lǐng)域向廣泛的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域發(fā)展,緊密結(jié)合各種智能設(shè)備的嵌入式移動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)已經(jīng)得到了學(xué)術(shù)界、工業(yè)界、軍事領(lǐng)域和民用部門(mén)等各方面的重視并不斷實(shí)用化. 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶(hù)界面一直以來(lái),對(duì)于一個(gè)DBMS 給定的信息類(lèi)型, 世紀(jì)80 年代時(shí),人們提出了少數(shù)優(yōu)秀的可視化系統(tǒng),尤其是QBE 和Visi Cal 年來(lái)至今仍沒(méi)有更優(yōu)秀的系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn),因此人們迫切需要在這方面有所創(chuàng)新[6] .XML 數(shù)據(jù)的出現(xiàn)使人們提出了新的查詢(xún)語(yǔ)言XQuery,普通用戶(hù)使用這樣的語(yǔ)言還是有一定難度的.隨著數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用及信息檢索系統(tǒng)的廣泛普及,(NLIDB)(而不是人工語(yǔ)言或機(jī)器語(yǔ)言)的方式向數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)發(fā)問(wèn)以獲得所需的信息, 世紀(jì)七八十年代就開(kāi)始了這方面的大量研究工作,并研制了若干數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)自然語(yǔ)言界面系統(tǒng).數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)界面的研究在我國(guó)一直未引起足夠的重視, [39,40],計(jì)算機(jī)的漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音識(shí)別已初步達(dá)到實(shí)用的階段,中文語(yǔ)言查詢(xún)界面若與漢音識(shí)別成龍配套,前景將十分誘人.4 結(jié)束語(yǔ)本文從目前數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)研究的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題出發(fā), 年中,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)研究工作集中在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)的核心領(lǐng)域上,就會(huì)使數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)研究局限于傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)管理應(yīng)用上, 為例,從2000 年開(kāi)始為非核心數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)類(lèi)文章分配了更多的配額,以鼓勵(lì)對(duì)與信息管理相關(guān)的挑戰(zhàn)性問(wèn)題的研究.在眾多新技術(shù)應(yīng)用中,對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)研究最具影響力,推動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)研究進(jìn)入新紀(jì)元的無(wú)疑將是Internet ,在Internet 環(huán)境中,一些數(shù)據(jù)管理的基本假設(shè)不再成立,新問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)需要我們開(kāi)拓思路,尋求創(chuàng)新性的技術(shù)突破.最后,一個(gè)值得數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)研究界注意的問(wèn)題是:目前各大數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)會(huì)議和期刊非常重視論文的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和完整性.這使得研究者在證明其思想的合理性上花費(fèi)過(guò)多的精力(如大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)和相關(guān)工作比較等),其導(dǎo)致的一個(gè)潛在問(wèn)題是:一些大膽的或冒險(xiǎn)的啟發(fā)性研究工作可能因?yàn)槿狈?yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)淖C明,一些資深的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)學(xué)者于2001 舉辦了首屆“創(chuàng)新數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)研究大會(huì)(Conference on Innovative Data SystemsResearch,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)CIDR [41] ) ”,其目的就是鼓勵(lì)人們發(fā)表一些前瞻性成果,而不用拘泥于結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、性能模擬和原型實(shí)現(xiàn)等細(xì)節(jié).Jim Gray 在SIGMOD2004 年會(huì)的主題發(fā)言[42]中提到,.需要說(shuō)明的是,目前數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的研究范圍已極其廣泛,限于篇幅,有很多方向如文本挖掘、數(shù)字圖書(shū)館、量子計(jì)算的生物信息等本文未有論及,但并不說(shuō)明它們不重要.References: [1] Bernstein P, Dayal U, DeWitt DJ, Gawlick D, Gray J, Jarke M, Lindsay BG, Lockemann PC, Maier D, Neuhold EJ, Reuter A,Rowe LA, Schek H, Schmidt JW, Schrefl M, Stonebraker ML. 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