【正文】 m how to behave.Finally, the theme is not to be confused with the subject. The theme is an idea while the subject is a matter or an affair. “Love is invincible” may be a theme, but “l(fā)ove” is only a subject. A subject may be universal. The subjects of The Scarlet Letter, The Great Gatsby, and Women in Love are all “l(fā)ove.” But these novels have different themes. A theme is particular to its novel, though there are many similar themes to be found in other novels.The statement of a theme may be brief or long. And there are different ways to express oneA theme must be expressed in the form of a statement with a subject and a predicate. For example, “Love of one’s country often inspires heroic selfsacrifice.” If a theme is expressed in the form of a phrase, then the phrase must be convertible to sentence form. One can say that the theme of a novel is “futility of envy.” The phrase can be changed to “envy is futile.” When one chooses to state a theme in the phrase form, he must be very careful about its convertibility to sentence form. For instance ,the phrase “selfless maternal love” does not always mean that “maternal love is selfless.”Though a theme is a generalization, overgeneralization should be avoided. Since a theme is extracted from a particular novel (a particular event), it may not be applicable to all situations. So words like “always,” “never,” “all,” and “every” should be avoided. Instead, one should use words like “some,” “sometimes,” and “may.” When making a generalization, one should strictly keep to what is actually in the novel and not smuggle into it assumptions supplied from his past experience.Since a theme is different from a moral or a lesson, one should avoid reducing a theme to a clich233。IV. Where to Look for the ThemeHow the novel is entitled. The title is the name of the novel and in many cases (almost How the novelist shows his interest. If the novelist is interested in something, he would allow more space to it, describing or narrating in great detail. Yet, sometimes he emphasizes it by leaving it out, as in the case of Ernest Hemingway. The point concerned here is that why the novelist gives more attention to this particular character, since or event but not others.Important symbols. Symbols are loaded with important meanings. So if a symbol appears repeatedly or at important moments, it may point to the theme of the novel. A good example is the letter “A” in The Scarlet Letter.V. Obvious and unobvious themeThe theme of a story, since we know, is whatever general idea or insight the entire story reveals. In some stories, the theme is rather obvious. For example, in Aesop’s fable about the council of the mice that cannot decide who will bell the cat, the theme is stated in the moral at the end: “It is easier to propose a thing than to carry it out.” In some novels, the title may offer a suggestion about the main theme. For example, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is named after its theme, and the whole story unfolds itself around that theme. In some novels, the title is not so named but the plot exists primarily to illustrate the theme and it is not very difficult for us to infer what it is. For example, Uncle Tom’s Cabin by and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck voice the themes of slavery and migratory labor respectively. The title of The Grapes of Wrath es from a line in an extremely famous Civil War song, “The Battle Hymn of the Republic.” The line is, “He is trampling out the vintage where the Grapes of wrath are stored,” which means “an unjust or oppressive situation, action or policy that may inflame desire for vengeance: an explosive condition.” The song was written by a famous and influential social activist, Julia Ward Howe. But in most literary works of fiction, the theme is seldom so obvious. That is, generally a theme is not a moral nor a message, neither is it clearly conveyed in the title. When we finish reading a finely wrought story, it is easier to sum up the plot—to say what happens—than to describe the main idea. To say of James Joyce’s “Araby” that it is about a boy who goes to a bazaar to buy a gift for a young woman but arrives too late is to summarize plot, not theme. In many fine short stories, theme is the center, the moving force, the principle of unity. Clearly, such a theme is something more than the characters and events of the story. Most of the short stories challenge an easye theme. In Hemingway’s “A Clean, WellLighted Place,” as observed by Kennedy and Gioia, the events are rather simple—a young waiter manages to get rid of the old man from the caf233。 本項目總投資為5356萬元，其中第一期需投入1522萬元。全部項目建成后，當(dāng)年可產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)收入14000萬元。它要求蔬菜在種植過程中不能使用農(nóng)藥、化肥、生長調(diào)節(jié)劑等化學(xué)品，也不能使用轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)，同時要經(jīng)過獨立機(jī)構(gòu)的認(rèn)證。有機(jī)蔬菜無化學(xué)殘留，口感佳，而且已被證明比普通蔬菜更具營養(yǎng)。聯(lián)合國糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)組織發(fā)表的一份報告分析表明，在過去的10年間，在一些國家的市場上，有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的銷售額年遞增率超過20%。在歐美，有機(jī)蔬菜是發(fā)展速度最快的一個產(chǎn)業(yè)。中國的有機(jī)蔬菜目前無論是規(guī)模還是發(fā)育程度還很低，總體上還處在起步階段，并有著巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?，可望成為一個新型的食品支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。從發(fā)達(dá)國家的需求趨勢看，