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獨(dú)作謂語,意為“做”,是實義動詞。)2 He has had breakfast. (has是助動詞,幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時,had是實義動詞,意為“吃”。)情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞同助動詞一樣,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,要和實義動詞一起作謂語。情態(tài)動詞同基本助動詞的區(qū)別在于,基本助動詞本身無意義,而情態(tài)動詞有自己的意義。句子成分(可以熟記為:主謂賓,定狀補(bǔ))除了這六種主要成分之外,還有“表語”和“同位語”的說法。同位語分為主語同位語和賓語同位語,屬于主語或賓語的一部分。 謂語 在下面畫曲線 定語 (一行點使我們想到一排釘子,“釘”諧音為“定語”的“定”)同位語 上下雙曲線(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同)主語主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首,通常由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng)。7. 名詞化的形容詞(如the rich)在英語中,形容詞、副詞和介詞短語是不能作主語的。On the desk are some books. (主語是books,所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主語是the boy,所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主語是the days,所以用are)練習(xí)1. 在下面句子的主語下面畫橫線,并說出由什么充當(dāng)。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:A. 簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day.Has he e back?He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.2 由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如:We are students.Your idea sounds great..表語表語多是形容詞,用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞(如be, bee, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。練習(xí)2. 畫出下列句中的表語,并說明由什么充當(dāng)。賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語。1. They planted many trees yesterday. 2. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. 3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4. I wanted to buy a car. 5. I enjoy listening to popular music.6. I think(that)he is fit for his office. 賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等)+賓語+賓補(bǔ)。練習(xí)4. 用下劃線畫出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語,并指出是什么詞充當(dāng),同時體會賓補(bǔ)和賓語之間的邏輯關(guān)系。含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子在變成被動語態(tài),賓語作主語時,原來的賓補(bǔ)就成了主語補(bǔ)足語。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。定語后置常見的有以下幾種情況:A. 副詞用作定語一般要后置。單個形容詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞之前,而形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。The boy under the tree is Tom.(樹下的那個男孩)The tallest boy in our class is John.(我們班最高的那個男孩)D. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、動詞不定式作定語常后置。1. The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.2. The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.3. We need a place twice larger than this one.4. She carried a basket full of eggs.5. It’s a book worth no more than one dollar.6. It’s a city far from the coast.7. He has money enough to buy a car