【正文】 takeholder tend to perceive high pressure as well from the other nongovernmental stakeholders. In other words, all the nongovernmental stakeholders tend to be perceived as a homogeneous group. 長春大學光華學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文）譯文紙 共 13 頁 第 5 頁 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ Managerial Environmental Awareness: To measure environmental awareness, operations managers were asked to mark their degree of agreement or disagreement with 3 statements on a sixpoint Likert scale. These statements consisted of assertions about the need for higher voluntary and unselfish implication of panies for the achievement of sustainable development(see Table 3). The 3 items were reduced to a single measure through principal ponents analysis. Construct validity (factor loadings) and reliability (Cronbach’s α) were acceptable. (Three) Analysis Company size, measured as hundreds of employees. This variable was included to control the effect of scale economies on the implementation of environmental practices and the advantages derived from the superior availability of resources in large panies. Several papers reveal the relevance of this variable in explaining environmental proactivity . Internationalization, formalized as a binary variable that differentiates firms integrated in international business groups. This variable was included to control the effect of corporate size as well as the effect of knowledge transfer between different divisions and plants. The industrial sector, which required the introduction of two binary variables distinguishing the chemical and electronic and electrical equipment sectors, respectively. The use of advanced production and operations management (POM). This variable was built through principal ponents analysis from the degree of implementation rated on a sixpoint Likert scale of five advanced production and operations management practices: Total Quality Management, advanced manufacturing technologies, JustinTime, informationtechnologybased integrated management systems such as ERPs, and collaboration with suppliers . This variable reflects the proactivity of the pany’s manufacturing strategy and, to some extent, the strategic importance the pany gives to the production and operations function, which is often responsible for many of the environmental practices implemented by panies . Thus, this variable has been included to control the effect of the capabilities derived from the implementation of advanced manufacturing practices, which can facilitate the environmental transformation of panies. Several authors have provided evidence of the importance of the implementation of advanced manufacturing practices to explain environmental issues and there is also some evidence in the particular case of green supply chain management. Fouth， discussion of results 長春大學光華學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文）譯文紙 共 13 頁 第 6 頁 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 裝 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 訂 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ 線 ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ ┊ Incorporates only the control variables. The explanatory power (R2) is significant, which suggests that the inclusion of these variables in the analysis is correct. The implementation of advanced POM practices stands out as the variable that positively and significantly affects the implementation of environmental logistics practices. This supports the idea that environmental management is strongly rooted in the production and operations function and that the proactivity of this function is hence determinant for the development of environmental practices in logistics. Furthermore, this result might indicate that advanced POM practices generate certain capabilities that are useful in facing environmental challenges in logistics. Although the other control variables do not appear as significant,the implementation of advanced POM practices is higher in large panies integrated into international groups and working in the electrical and electronic equipment industry. Therefore, the significance of the implementation of advanced POM practices might be to some extent capturing the importance of pany size, internationalization or industrial sector. Fifth， conclusions In this work we have empirically studied the role of perceived stakeholder pressure and managers’ environmental awareness in the implementation of environmental practices in the management of logistics. The analysis of data provided by medium and large Spanish panies in three industrial sectors has led to three major findings. Firstly, both studied variables play a relevant role. The results indicate that panies perceive two different sources of environmental pressure: governmental and nongovernmental. However, only the latter is able to explain the implementation of environmental logistics practices in a significant way, perhaps because these practices are proactive and voluntary and governmental pressure focuses on the observance of regulation. The other variable studied, the environmental awareness of managers, is also able to explain a significant part of the implementation of environmental logistics practices. Although previous research has already pointed out the importance of managerial values and beliefs in explaining the environmental behaviour of firms, the analysis in this paper particularly confirms that the presence of what Bansal and Roth (2020) call ‘ethical motives’ is a driver of environmental mitment in the area of logistics. Secondly, the results indicate that the effect of environmental a