【正文】 down when work is over. Periodically lubricate the turning parts in case of rust. 吊車的使用 Crane usage 進(jìn)行吊裝作業(yè)時(shí)，應(yīng)提前申請辦理“ 吊裝作業(yè)許可證 ”，提交吊裝方案，工作時(shí)要注意以下幾方面： (1)、要保證起重設(shè)備處于良好的工作狀態(tài)，起重操作人員必須持證上崗，遵守操作規(guī)程的規(guī)定； (2)、指揮人員必須穿桔紅色馬甲，使用口哨、指揮旗或?qū)χv機(jī)進(jìn)行指揮作業(yè)； (3)、起吊區(qū)域必須用警示帶進(jìn)行圍護(hù)； (4)、對所要起吊的物體應(yīng)了解其準(zhǔn)確的自重，使用合適的鋼絲繩及其他起吊用具，起吊物起吊后必須平穩(wěn)，多件物體吊裝時(shí)必須捆綁牢固； (5)、起吊時(shí)必須使用兩根纜繩，避免起吊物來回?cái)[ 動(dòng)； (6)、嚴(yán)禁任何人在已吊起的物體下停留或穿行，已吊起的物體不能長時(shí)間停在空中； (7)、遇六級以上大風(fēng)、或大雨、大霧、大雪等惡劣氣候條件時(shí)，應(yīng)停止起重吊裝作業(yè)。 Apply for Excavation Work Permit before starting work. The following points should be taken into consideration: 1. Comprehend the geological situation and underground interfaces of work area and choose excavation method accordingly. Manual and mechanical excavation are both acceptable. 2. Base slope setting on site conditions. Foundation pit slope is around 1： 1~1： . Apply retaining wall to avoid collapse if necessary. 3. Establish barricade around excavation area by steel pipes. Set up specific ladders and night signal signs. 4. Keep distance away from the pit edges while piling up soil and material or shifting construction machines. When the soil condition is good, the distance to pit edge should be longer than and piling height lower than . 5. Dewater before excavation in case that the surface or construction water permeates into pit or erode the slope. 6. Be ware of any change along slope while work. Make a stable retaining wall or adjust slope in case partial collapse or crack found. 7. No other work interferes within the excavation radius. 8. After excavation, carry out work and backfill quickly. 六、吊裝作業(yè) VI Rigging work 倒鏈的使用 16 1. Chain block usage 對于某些不能使用吊車的簡單起吊作業(yè)可以使用倒鏈進(jìn)行作業(yè)。 Apply for “ Hot work permit (welding)” prior to the welding work. (1) Make sure the welding machine is in a good condition before work. All exposed parts should be well isolated. (2) Clean up the flammable objects and enclose the work area. (3) Put fire extinguisher around. (4) Only certificate holder can operate the welder. When welding is in process, operator must wear professional welding mask and gloves. (5) Put rubber board or other insulated material on the ground when it is wet. (6) With fire protection personnel presenting when working. (7) Make sure no hidden hazard existing before leaving. (三 )、氣割 iii. Gas cutting 進(jìn)行氣割作業(yè)時(shí)，必須提前申請辦理“ 氣割工作動(dòng)火作業(yè)許可證 ”工作時(shí)要注意以下幾方面： 14 (1)、工作時(shí)氧氣、乙炔氣瓶必須直立放置并固定在穩(wěn)定的物體上，同時(shí)兩個(gè)氣瓶要分開 5m左右放置并遠(yuǎn)離其他動(dòng)火作業(yè)，移動(dòng)氣瓶時(shí)必須使用專用小車； (2)、 乙炔氣瓶必須有回火裝置； (3)、表盤必須處于正常的工作狀態(tài)； (4)、管子不能有破損，連接處要使用專用卡箍，不能用鐵絲或其他東西捆綁； (5)、工作前清理工作區(qū)域內(nèi)的易燃物品，并對工作區(qū)域進(jìn)行 圍護(hù)； (6)、設(shè)置一定數(shù)量合格的滅火器； (7)、操作人員必須持證上崗，必須戴專用防護(hù)眼鏡、專用工作手套； (8)、工作時(shí)防火員必須在場； (9)、工作完畢后，必須仔細(xì)檢查工作區(qū)域，確認(rèn)無隱患后方可離去。 Apply for “ hot work permit (cutting)” before cutting with electric chop saw or hand hold one. (1) Make sure the equipment is in a good working condition before using. (2) Clear up the work area and flammable objects. (3) Put some approved fire extinguisher on the spot. (4) Operator must wear protecting mask, gloves and ear plugs. 13 (5) The fire protecting guy must be on the spot. (6) Check the work area thoroughly before leaving. (二 )、電焊 (ii). Welding 進(jìn)行焊接作 業(yè)時(shí)，必須提前申請辦理“ 焊接工作動(dòng)火作業(yè)許可證 ”工作時(shí)要注意以下幾方面： (1)、檢查焊機(jī)是否處于良好的工作狀態(tài)，焊機(jī)的所有外露帶電部分，必須有完好的隔離防護(hù)裝置，焊機(jī)的接線柱、極板和接線端應(yīng)有防護(hù)罩，電源線、焊把線、地線接頭處不能有裸露現(xiàn)象，電焊機(jī)必須安設(shè)保護(hù)性接地。 洞口作業(yè)的防護(hù)措施，主要有設(shè)置防護(hù)欄桿，用遮蓋物蓋設(shè)，以及架設(shè)安全網(wǎng)等方式。防護(hù)欄桿可使用建筑工地上普遍使用的直徑 4851mm的腳手鋼管，搭設(shè)高度 ，分三層搭設(shè)，底部可用木板或其他材料 安裝踢腳板，防止物品高空墜落 。 Safety measurement： 1. Have a stable foundation when setup scaffolds. 2. Use wood board or metal sheet as sole timber. 3. The space between steel pipes must meet relative requirements. Pipes should be vertical or level. 4. No seam or deformation with the pipes. 5. Full installed with wood boards s work flat and two enclosure pipes are required above it. 6. Climbing ladders are required and wood ladders tied on it are not acceptable. 7. Those who work on scaffolds must wear two ropes safety harness. 8. The movable scaffolds must have brake. During moving, nobody can stay on the scaffold. (三 )、臨邊及洞口高空作業(yè) (iii)、 Work near edge and holes 在施工現(xiàn)場，當(dāng)高空作業(yè)中工作面的邊沿沒有圍護(hù)設(shè)施或雖有圍護(hù)設(shè)施但其高度低于 800mm時(shí)，這一類作業(yè)稱為 臨邊作業(yè) 。 Requirements for scaffold： 1. Should be stable and tight enough during the construction and without shaking, leaning or deforming to ensure safety. 2. Simple structure and easy usage. 腳手架的搭設(shè)材料： 鋼管應(yīng)采用外徑 48mm，壁厚 ，也可采用同樣規(guī)格無縫鋼管或外徑 50~51mm，壁厚 3~4mm的焊接鋼管或其他鋼管； 扣件使用專用鋼管扣件； 腳手板使用板厚 4~5cm的木板。 (1) The ladder should be fully open with a 35~45 degree angle at the top and four feet at one level which be locked as well. When use wood double ladder, a metal connection rod should be put at the middle. (2) Stand on the flat or the top rod is not allowed. (3) The double ladder cannot be used as a single ladder. (二 )、使用腳手架的高空作業(yè) ii Use scaffolds 腳手架是建筑施工中必不可少的臨時(shí)設(shè)施，磚墻砌筑、墻面抹灰、裝飾和粉刷、結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件安裝等，都需要搭設(shè)腳手架。 45。 (1) The slope of the ladder should not be too fast (2) Must have special person hold the ladder or tight on the top (3) The ladder must be 1m higher than the work surface (4) Extension ladder must fold at least 3 cross beams (5) Extension ladder cannot be used separately 人字梯： 10 2. Double ladder： (1)、梯子要充分打開，使四腳水平，撐開到鎖定點(diǎn)加以鎖定，如使用木質(zhì)人字梯，中間必須加一金屬連接桿。 Masks are required for staffs who work in overdust condition or with stimulate smell. 三、高空作業(yè) III. Work high above ground 凡在墜落高度基準(zhǔn)面 2m以上 (包含 2m)有可能墜落得高處進(jìn)行作業(yè)，都稱為高空作業(yè)。 Whenever performing hammer drilling and cutting, operator and persons nearby must put on ear plugs. 手套 8. Gloves (1)、進(jìn)行電焊、氣割時(shí)必須配戴專業(yè)手套； (2)、操作某些電動(dòng)工具時(shí)應(yīng)配戴高壓絕緣手套，如：電動(dòng)打夯機(jī)、電動(dòng)振動(dòng)棒等； (3)、進(jìn)行搬運(yùn)、拆除等容易傷及手部的工作時(shí)應(yīng)配戴橡膠涂層手套。 When doing special work, proper protection mask must be used. (1)、無齒切割、打磨時(shí)必須配帶全面型護(hù)面罩； (2)、進(jìn)行焊接時(shí)必須配帶頭戴式焊接防護(hù)面罩。 Those who work high should wear safety harness approved by State Standards. 正確使用安全帶的方法： (1)、使用前檢查安全帶各部分是