【正文】
應(yīng)備有《油類記錄簿》第一部分(機器處所的作業(yè))。 (ii) the oil content(concentration)of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 ppm (parts per million)。 (iii)the oil content (concentration) of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 ppm (parts per million) (iv) the ship has in operation Oil discharge monitoring and control system and oil filtering equipment as required by this Annex.,?,在特殊區(qū)域外的排油控制,對于從400總噸及以上的非油船艙底,從油船機器處所(不包括貨油泵艙)艙底的排放(不得混有貨油殘余物): 1 船舶不在特殊區(qū)域之內(nèi); 2 船舶正在途中航行; 3 未經(jīng)稀釋的排出物的含油量不超過15PPM,; 4 本附則要求的船上濾油設(shè)備,正在運轉(zhuǎn)。,?,Annex I: Prevention of pollution by oil,Machinery Space Operation : (i) the ship is not within a special area。,?,Annex I: Prevention of pollution by oil,Operational discharges from tankers (v) the total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not exceed for existing tankers 1/15,000 of the total quantity of the particular cargo of which the residue formed a part, and for new tankers 1/30,000 of the total quantity of the particular cargo of which the residue formed a part。 (iii) the tanker is proceeding en route。,?,Annex I: Prevention of pollution by oil,Operational discharges from tankers (i) the tanker is not within a special area。以保證船舶的結(jié)構(gòu)、設(shè)備、各種系統(tǒng)、附件、布置和材料完全符合本附則的要求。 (11)長度———系指量自龍骨上面最小型深85% 處水線總長的96% ,或指該水線處自船首柱前邊至舵桿中心的長度,兩者中取大者。 (8)油量瞬間排放率———系指何一瞬間每小時排油的升數(shù)除以同一瞬間船速節(jié)數(shù)之值,其單位為“L/NM ”(即“升/海里”);,?,附則I:防止油污染規(guī)則,定義 (9)清潔壓載———系指裝入已清洗過的貨油艙內(nèi)的壓載水,從靜態(tài)的船舶排入清潔而平靜的水中,不會在水面或鄰近的岸線上產(chǎn)生明顯痕跡,或形成油泥或乳化物沉積于水面以下或鄰近的岸線上。,?,附則I:防止油污染規(guī)則,定義 (7)特殊區(qū)域———由于其海洋學和生態(tài)學的情況以及其運輸?shù)奶厥庑再|(zhì)等方面公認的技術(shù)原因,需要采取防止海洋油污染的特殊強制辦法的海域。 (4)油船———系指建造為或改造為主要在其裝貨處所裝運散裝油類的船舶,并包括油類散貨兩用船以及全部或部分裝運散裝貨油的化學品液貨船。 (2)油性混合物———系指含有任何油類的混合物。 為執(zhí)行本議定書規(guī)定,締約國應(yīng)按照IMO的指南,頒發(fā)或敦促頒發(fā)關(guān)于報告有害物質(zhì)事故應(yīng)遵循的程序的規(guī)定或指令。,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報告的規(guī)定,補充報告 報告責任人如有可能: (1)在必要時,應(yīng)對最初的報告提供關(guān)于進一步發(fā)展的情況; (2)應(yīng)盡可能地滿足受影響國家索取有關(guān)補充資料的要求。,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報告的規(guī)定,報告的責任 當船舶發(fā)生有害物質(zhì)事故時,船舶的船長或負責管理該船的其他人員,應(yīng)毫不遲延地按本議定書的規(guī)定,對事故作出詳細報告;,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報告的規(guī)定,報告的時間 當涉及下列事故時,應(yīng)作出報告: (1)不論何種原因,包括為保障船舶安全和救助海上人命而進行的油類或有毒液體物質(zhì)的超標排放或可能的排放;或 (2)排放或可能排放包裝形式的有害物質(zhì),包括貨物集裝箱、可移動罐柜、公路和鐵路車輛和船載駁船裝載的有害物質(zhì);或,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報告的規(guī)定,(3)長度15m及其以上的船舶發(fā)生: a 影響船舶安全的損壞、失靈或故障,包括(但不限于)碰撞、擱淺、火災、爆炸、結(jié)構(gòu)損壞、浸水和貨物移位;或 b 導致影響航行安全的損壞、失靈或故障,包括(但不限于)操舵裝置、推進裝置、發(fā)電系統(tǒng)和船上主要助航設(shè)備的失靈或故障;或,?,議定書I: 關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報告的規(guī)定,(4)船舶營運期間,排放油類或有毒液體物質(zhì)超過現(xiàn)行公約允許的排放總量或瞬間排放率。 議定書2是關(guān)于爭端的仲裁。,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,technical Annexes: Annex I: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil Annex II: Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk Annex III: Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form, entered into force on 1 July 1992,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,technical Annexes: Annex IV Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships (entry into force date 27 September 2003) Annex V Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships, enter into force on 31 December 1988 Annex VI Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (adopted in September 1997 and will enter into force on 19 May 2005),?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,technical Annexes: States Parties must accept Annexes I and II, but the other Annexes are voluntary.,?,國際防止船舶造成污染公約,公約共有20條,另附有二個議定書和六個附則。 1978年通過1978議定書,吸收了MARPOL73的內(nèi)容(對附則1作了許多修正),將公約和議定書作為一個整體,通常稱為“73/78防污公約”。,?,國際防止船舶造成污染公約,歷史背景 1973年,IMO在倫敦召開國際海洋防污染會議,制定第一個不限于油污染的具有普遍意義的《1973年國際防止船舶造成污染公約》,簡稱MARPOL73。,?,The MARPOL Convention,Introduction technical Annexes,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,History : national regulations in the first half of the 20th century the United Kingdom organized the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL), 1954. in 1958, the IMO Convention entry into force.,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,History : The 1954 Convention, which was amended in 1962, 1969 and 1971, primarily addressed pollution resulting from routine tanker operations and from the discharge of oily wastes from machinery spaces regarded as the major causes of oil pollution from ships.,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,History : In 1967, the tanker Torrey Canyon ran aground while entering the English Channel and spilled her entire cargo of 120,000 tons of crude oil into the sea. The incident raised questions about measures then in place to prevent oil pollution from ships and also exposed deficiencies in the existing system for providing compensation following accidents at sea.,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,History : an international Conference in 1973 adopted the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. the Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978 MARPOL Protocol) adopted on 17 February 1978.,?,Introduction to MARPOL73/78,History : The combined instrument the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78) finally entered into force on 2 October 1983 (for Annexes I and II).,?,國際防止船舶造成污染公約,歷史背景 20世紀上半葉部分國家法規(guī); 1954年在倫敦召開國際會議制定“54公約”; 1958年“54公約”生效; “54公約”經(jīng)1961961971年修正,重點在于控制油輪和機艙操作性污染。 散裝有毒液體物質(zhì); 包裝有害物質(zhì); 生活污水; 船舶垃圾; 有害排氣; 其他。 船舶污染物的控制是目前航運界主要考慮的問題之一。Chapter Ⅵ Prevention of Pollution from Ships,?,海洋船舶防污染管理,隨著海洋運輸業(yè)的發(fā)展,世界船隊規(guī)模不斷增大,從船舶上排入海洋及大氣中的各種有害物質(zhì)的數(shù)量與日俱增,使海洋環(huán)境日趨惡化,海洋的生態(tài)環(huán)境被破壞,尤其是一些沿岸及河口海域已遭受著嚴重的污染損害,危害人類健康(在此不僅是船舶污染損害,還包括沿岸工業(yè)污 染。為了當代人類健康,也為子孫后代創(chuàng)造一個良好的生存環(huán)境,使人類杜會可持續(xù)發(fā)展,必須嚴格控制對海洋的污染。,?,Substances of Pollution from Ship,oil chemicals(Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk) harmful substances in packaged form Sewage Garbage Harmful air Other substances.,?,船舶對海洋造成污染的主要物質(zhì):,石油。,?,Source of Pollution from Ship,operational or deliberate causes, from routine operations accidental or negligent causes,?,船舶對海洋的污染,船舶對海洋造成污染的途徑: 操作性污染; 事故性污染。 1967年油輪Torrey Canyon 造成世界第一列大規(guī)模事故溢油。 MARPOL73遲遲未能生效,1978年3月,超級油輪Amoco Cadiz的觸礁,導致法國海域和海岸的嚴重污染。 MARPOL73/78 于1983年10月2日生效。 議定書1是關(guān)于涉及有害物質(zhì)事故報告的規(guī)定。,?,國際防止船舶造成污染公約,