【正文】 在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中 ，采用什么特征主要取決于目標(biāo)具有哪些特征以及算法實(shí)現(xiàn)的具體要求。 [2] 針對(duì)不同的研究對(duì)象 有不同的跟蹤算法，主要有以下幾種跟蹤算法： 1) 基于特征的跟蹤 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)跟蹤，沒(méi)有必要跟蹤整個(gè)目標(biāo)區(qū)域，只要跟蹤目標(biāo)的某些顯著特征，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)的跟蹤。 西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 5 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 目標(biāo)跟蹤就是通過(guò)對(duì)攝像機(jī)獲得的圖像序列進(jìn)行分析，計(jì)算出目標(biāo)在每幀圖像上的二維位置坐標(biāo)，并根據(jù)不同的特征值，將圖像序列中不同幀之間同一運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)關(guān)聯(lián)起來(lái)，得到各個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)完整的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡，即在連續(xù)的圖像序列中建立運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)的對(duì)應(yīng) 關(guān)系。尤其是遮擋和陰影問(wèn)題，它們普遍存在于現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境中，嚴(yán)重影響跟蹤算法的可靠性和適用性。但是，現(xiàn)有的目標(biāo)跟蹤算法大多受限于特定的應(yīng)用背景，跟蹤算法還有待于進(jìn)一步研究和深化，研究一種具有魯棒性和實(shí)時(shí)性、適用性強(qiáng)的目標(biāo)跟蹤方法依然面臨著巨大挑戰(zhàn)。其實(shí)質(zhì)是通過(guò)對(duì)傳感器獲取的圖像序列進(jìn)行分析，得到目標(biāo)在每幀圖像中的位置、速度及加速度等特征參數(shù)。 課題研究背景和意義 運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)跟蹤在軍事、智能監(jiān)控、人機(jī)界面、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)、運(yùn)動(dòng)分析等許多領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用前景，在科學(xué)和工程中有著重要的研究?jī)r(jià)值，吸引了國(guó)內(nèi)外越來(lái)越多研究者的興趣。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 目標(biāo)跟蹤，目標(biāo)檢測(cè) ，軌跡預(yù)測(cè) ，模板更新 西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 2 ABSTRACT Target tracking, image sequence is a classic puter vision problems, it is defined as a set of image sequences, in accordance with requirements of the target model, realtime images to determine the location of the target process. It initially attracted the concern of the military has gradually been applied to televisionguided bombs, fire control systems for military preparation. Moving target tracking sensor is taken through the image sequence analysis, to calculate the target image in each frame position. It is the core of puter vision system is a bination of image processing, pattern recognition, artificial only and the results of automatic control in areas such as advanced hightech issues in the aerospace, control, biomedical and robotics fields, etc. There are widely used. Thus, it is necessary to study the tracking of moving targets. In this paper, the image of the singletarget tracking problem, research the target detection method is mainly based on interframe difference and background removal method to detect the target in preparation for target tracking. Template matching tracking algorithm is: the smallest mean square error function (MES), the smallest mean absolute difference function (MAD) and the maximum matching pixel statistics (MPC) of the tracking algorithm. In the tracking process, due to the relative camera movement with the goal, the goal of vision may occur in size, shape, gesture, such as changes in the external environment bined with the various kinds of interference, as well as over time, to track where the goals and objectives scene changes have taken place, it is possible to track the target is lost. In order to ensure the stability and tracking accuracy, the need for adaptive template image update. Since the goal of movement must be the law of the forecast track could take to improve the tracking precision, this article uses the square of the linear prediction method and prediction method. Analysis of the relevant matching algorithm to track the tracking accuracy and 西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 3 speed。由于目標(biāo)運(yùn)動(dòng)有一定得規(guī)律，可以采取軌跡預(yù)測(cè)以提高跟蹤精度，本文采用了線性預(yù)測(cè)法。在跟蹤過(guò)程中， 由于跟蹤設(shè)備與目標(biāo)的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng) , 視野中的目標(biāo)可能出現(xiàn)大小、形狀、姿態(tài)等變化 , 加上外界環(huán)境中的各種干擾 , 所要跟蹤的目標(biāo)和目標(biāo)所在的場(chǎng)景都發(fā)生了變化 , 有可能丟失跟蹤目標(biāo)。因此，非常有必要研究運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)的跟蹤。序列圖像運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)跟蹤是通過(guò)對(duì)傳感器拍攝到的圖像序列進(jìn)行分析，計(jì)算出目標(biāo)在每幀圖像上的位置。西北工業(yè)大學(xué)明德學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 I 目 錄 摘 要 .............................................................................................................................. 1 ABSTRACT................................................................................................................... 2 第一章 緒 論 ................................................................................................................ 4 課題研究背景和意義 ....................................................................................... 4 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................... 5 本文的具體結(jié)構(gòu)安排 ....................................................................................... 7 第二章 運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)檢測(cè) .................................................................................................. 8 檢測(cè)算法及概述 ............................................................................................... 8 連續(xù)幀間差分法 ..................................................................................... 9 背景去除法 ........................................................................................... 11 光流法 ................................................................................................... 13 第三章 運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)跟蹤方法 ........................................................................................ 16 引言 ................................................................................................................. 16 運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)跟蹤方法 ......................................................................................... 16 基于特征匹配的跟蹤方法 ................................................................... 16 基于區(qū)域匹配的跟蹤方法 ................................................................... 17 基于模型匹配的跟蹤方法 ................................................................... 18 運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)搜索算法 ......................................................................................... 18 絕對(duì)平衡搜索法 .................................................................................... 18 絕對(duì)平衡搜索法實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 ............................................................................. 19 歸一化互相關(guān)搜索法 ........................................................................... 21 歸一化互相關(guān)搜索法實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 及 分析 ......................................................... 22 第四章 模板更新與軌跡預(yù)測(cè) .................................................................................. 26 模板更新簡(jiǎn)述及策略 ..................................................................................... 26 軌跡預(yù)測(cè) ......................................................................................................... 28 線性預(yù)測(cè) ............................................................................................... 29 平方預(yù)測(cè)器 ........................................................................................... 30 西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 II 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果及分析： ..........................