【正文】 d so on, it bees a boosting research topic in modern wireless working technology. Due to the limited power supply characteristics of individual sensor node, it is extensively desirable to find out ways to maximize the life time of WSN. Consequently, energyefficient routing protocol has bee a hotspot in both academic research and industrial practices. This thesis firstly summarizes the factors which dominate the energyconsumption characteristics of routing protocol for WSN. Some criteria are then presented to evaluate the performance of a given routing protocol. Secondly, after introducing several mainstream routing protocols, the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) will be addressed to elucidate its advantages and disadvantages. Some proposals are also discussed to improve the LEACH routing protocol. In addition, by employing the work simulation tool— NS2, this thesis lays emphasis on modeling the Finite State Machine of LEACH protocol, CSMA protocol. After that, based on the node and work model, LEACH protocol’s simulation platform will be presented using om’s virtual wireless environment. Finally, by setting up two WSN application scenarios with different number of sensor nodes, the lifetime of WSN and the node’s energy consumption of the WSN are collected and analyzed. It is validated that the LEACH protocol is energyefficient, which is suitable for the requirement by practical WSN implementations. Moreover, the pleted simulation platform offer a good beginning for the future studies on LEACH protocol and its improved variations. Key words Wireless Sensor Network。 最后利用上述平臺(tái)建立了兩個(gè)包含不同數(shù)量節(jié)點(diǎn)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，仿真了LEACH 協(xié)議的實(shí)際運(yùn)行情況，并根據(jù)相關(guān)定義統(tǒng)計(jì)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生命周期，節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗等參數(shù)，最終得出了 LEACH 協(xié)議能夠高效利用能 量的結(jié)論。 本文在上述背景下概述了影響無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)的因素，指出了傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，介紹了幾種主流的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議，并選擇典型的低能量自適應(yīng)聚類層次結(jié)構(gòu) (LEACH)協(xié)議進(jìn)行了深入分析，著重 描述了實(shí)現(xiàn) LEACH 協(xié)議的關(guān)鍵算法，分析了該協(xié)議存在的優(yōu)勢(shì)與不足，并給出了一些修改的建議。杭州電子科技大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種全新的信息獲取和處理技術(shù)，具有許多傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)無法比擬的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事、醫(yī)療、災(zāi)難救助等環(huán)境中，已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代通信技術(shù)中的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)研究領(lǐng)域。由于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)普遍能量受限，因而設(shè)計(jì)能量有效的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議受到了學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界的高度重視。 在上述工作的基礎(chǔ)上，本文利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真軟件 NS2對(duì)其進(jìn)行建模，重點(diǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)了 LEACH 協(xié)議、 CSMA 協(xié)議、網(wǎng)關(guān)處理的有限狀態(tài)機(jī)模型 (FSM)，并結(jié)合節(jié)點(diǎn)模型和網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型，在 om 的虛擬無線環(huán)境下建立了 LEACH 協(xié)議的仿真平臺(tái)。本文建立 LEACH 協(xié)議仿真平臺(tái)的相關(guān)工作，為針對(duì)該協(xié)議的后續(xù)改進(jìn)研究作了鋪墊，具有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 Routing Protocol。 Network Simulation Using NS2 杭州電子科技大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 2 目 錄 1 引言 ............................................................................................................................. 4 2 緒論 ............................................................................................................................... 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................................................................... 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................... 傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組成 ........................................................................................ 網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................................................ 協(xié)議體系結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................................................ 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn) ....................................................................................... 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用 ....................................................................................... NS2 介紹 NS2 在不同環(huán)境下的安裝 3 總體設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................... 12 激光的檢測(cè) ..................................................................................................... 12 靶位的劃分 ..................................................................................................... 12 編碼標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ....................................................................................................... 13 成績(jī)的傳送和處理 ......................................................................................... 13 其他說明 ......................................................................................................... 13 4 硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................... 14 信號(hào)放大電路 ................................................................................................. 14 整形電路 ......................................................................................................... 16 編碼電路 ......................................................................................................... 17 串行傳送 ......................................................................................................... 19 電平轉(zhuǎn)換 ......................................................................................................... 21 5 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................... 22 總體方案 ......................................................................................................... 22 程序流圖 ......................................................................................................... 22 模塊說明 ......................................................................................................... 23 6 制作與調(diào) 試 ............................................................................................................... 26 硬件電路的布線與焊接 ................................................................................. 26 杭州電子科技大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 3 調(diào)試 .........................