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上,一看見別的企業(yè)發(fā)了財就蜂擁跟進(jìn),導(dǎo)致一個行業(yè)迅速飽和并走向疏落;如果把每個企業(yè)的名字抹去,則各企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略幾乎不用修改就可以互換使用;經(jīng)常性使用毛澤東的“以農(nóng)村包圍城市”、 “三大戰(zhàn)役” 、 “集中優(yōu)勢兵力打殲滅戰(zhàn)”等。重戰(zhàn)術(shù)輕戰(zhàn)略市場上充斥著價格戰(zhàn)、廣告戰(zhàn)、形象戰(zhàn)、公關(guān)戰(zhàn)、品牌戰(zhàn)、概念戰(zhàn)以及文化戰(zhàn)。戰(zhàn)略的缺失或虛置必然帶來工商企業(yè)能力的落后,工商企業(yè)能力落后的總和便是某一個產(chǎn)業(yè)和/或產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈在全球范圍話語權(quán)的喪失乃至整個國家國力的落后,做真實(shí)的、正確的和有效率的戰(zhàn)略管理,這是市場對每一個工商管理人員提出的要求。作者認(rèn)為,戰(zhàn)略是企業(yè)基于現(xiàn)實(shí)的內(nèi)外部環(huán)境所作出的一種動態(tài)的匹配性選擇和行動,“預(yù)則立,不預(yù)則廢” ,戰(zhàn)略是企業(yè)的意志力量的精髓,它既是圍繞企業(yè)的愿景和使命所作出的前瞻性的路徑選擇,也是基于持續(xù)競爭能力的獲取、維護(hù)和揚(yáng)棄所進(jìn)行的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴的自我超越。通過對近年來家電產(chǎn)業(yè)一些表象的歸結(jié),可以引致相關(guān)問題的提出。—— 弗里德里希同時,本文為整個家電產(chǎn)業(yè)集群中的在位企業(yè)選擇與實(shí)施未來戰(zhàn)略提供了一種系統(tǒng)思考的模式。規(guī)劃出顯性的企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略,在產(chǎn)業(yè)舞臺上追求一種理想的競爭地位,是企業(yè)鞏固和提升績效的重要課題。至于弱勢企業(yè),應(yīng)及早考慮退出策略;第三,企業(yè)應(yīng)審視價值鏈中各環(huán)節(jié)的狀態(tài),圍繞各類企業(yè)在戰(zhàn)略選擇框架中的可能性匹配,找準(zhǔn)實(shí)施的著力點(diǎn),利用杠桿效應(yīng),作出正確的調(diào)整,從而獲得滿意的實(shí)施績效。在位企業(yè)如何審時度勢,調(diào)整現(xiàn)有的戰(zhàn)略部署,選擇未來的戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展方向極為關(guān)鍵。文章的結(jié)論是:第一,在過去的五年(19982022 ) ,中國電冰箱行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了明顯的變化,這可以從市場價格、廣告投入和新產(chǎn)品市場貢獻(xiàn)中找到證據(jù)。摘 要通過對中國電冰箱行業(yè)的系統(tǒng)描述,并依據(jù)市場勢力對該行業(yè)中各企業(yè)進(jìn)行歸類分析,本文對在位企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略問題進(jìn)行了研究。首先,文章對產(chǎn)品及行業(yè)作出說明,描述了行業(yè)的發(fā)展變遷和所處的產(chǎn)業(yè)生命周期,從需求角度對電冰箱市場的現(xiàn)狀和變化趨勢作出判斷,對電冰箱產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀和趨勢進(jìn)行研究,并從市場行為中找出依據(jù);其次,描述了在位企業(yè)的變遷,對在位企業(yè)進(jìn)行分類和評估,揭示在位企業(yè)不同的市場勢力;然后在產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境掃描的基礎(chǔ)上,討論了一般性戰(zhàn)略問題和在位企業(yè)所面臨的特殊性戰(zhàn)略問題,并給出了各類在位企業(yè)進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略選擇的總體框架和可能性匹配,指出了影響戰(zhàn)略選擇的其他因素(這是本文的重點(diǎn)) ;最后,在對戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施所作的思考中,指出創(chuàng)新力是實(shí)施過程中的驅(qū)動因素,論述了各類在位企業(yè)的著力點(diǎn)和提高實(shí)施績效的三個普適性的基準(zhǔn)。行業(yè)處于從趨于松散到再次走向緊密的震蕩時期,在未來三到五年,行業(yè)將會繼續(xù)處于消耗戰(zhàn)之中。中國電冰箱行業(yè)處在產(chǎn)業(yè)成熟的早期階段,企業(yè)應(yīng)利用世界家電制造中心向中國轉(zhuǎn)移這一契機(jī)積極從事市場的拓展和滲透;第二,留守企業(yè)應(yīng)提高產(chǎn)品的適用性差異、強(qiáng)調(diào)回歸主業(yè)和重視行業(yè)整合帶來的波動,識別競爭對手的行動。同時,學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用帶有普遍性的工具和方法,推動本企業(yè)在日常工作每個細(xì)小環(huán)節(jié)中的改善,建立自適應(yīng)和自動力系統(tǒng),追求卓越,是管理者在戰(zhàn)略執(zhí)行中的第一要義。利用本文,可以使企業(yè)管理決策層從產(chǎn)業(yè)組織的視角把握行業(yè)的動向,認(rèn)清企業(yè)所處的位置,認(rèn)識現(xiàn)實(shí)的各項(xiàng)策略行為的合意性,并沿著清晰合理的競爭和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略對其進(jìn)行調(diào)適?!娟P(guān)鍵詞】 電冰箱行業(yè);戰(zhàn)略管理;戰(zhàn)略選擇;戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施AbstractBased on the description of industry and analysis for each sorted industrial enterprise group, the purpose of this thesis is to make a study of strategic issues for enterprises of Chinese refrigerator industry. The structure is,Chapter 1 introduces on products, splits the history of China’s refrigerator industry into 6 developed phases and defines its stage in industrial life cycle. Chapter 2 looks into the market situation and perspective, the industrial structure and conduct. Chapter 3 is a study for describing the change of industrial enterprises, sorting them by market power and evaluating each sorted group through petitive profile matrix (CPM). After environment scanning with Porter’s fiveforce model and external factor evaluation matrix (EFE), Chapter 4 talks about both the normal and the special strategic features, then offers related countermeasures. The overall strategy choice frame and the possible matching bination are also stressed in this sector. Chapter 5 deals with strategy implementation issue. In parison with enterprises’ strategic choice bination, the author gives the key points for each group. And the author mentions 3 dimensions as a cube to achieve satisfied performance. The main conclusions are,First,with the significant shake of the industrial structure in the past 5 years (19982022), the market power of each enterprise changed a lot, which can be observed by market price, advertisement fee and the annual contribution of the new models. Instead of the loose CRn trend, it would concentrate again. The industry is located in the primary position of the mature stage in the industrial life cycle. The destination of the 4th world home appliance shifting is enterprises should further strengthen on rational strategy thinking and take intensive market development and peration. Second,besides of taking back to basic strategy and keeping a close watch on industrial integration, improving products diversification is pulsory. For the enterprises with weak market power, the exit strategy should be taken as soon as possible. Third, strategy implementation can be regarded as a level. Vital few factors concerning its petitive strength and weakness should be paid more attention in order to achieve petitive advantages. Underlying the innovation engine, three powerful methods and tools, pursuing lean and agile rivalry, digitization management and total quality management (TQM) can be executed in this stage. For each enterprise, the strategy is the key to access its mission and vision. The thesis can not only be used for the top management as the strategic roadmap for China refrigerator industry, but also be regarded as a systematic mindset in analysis for China’s home appliance industrial cluster.【Key Words】 Refrigerator Industry; Strategic Management; Strategy Choice;Strategy Implementation3 / 101目 錄前 言 ...........................................................................................................................1第一章 中國電冰箱行業(yè)相關(guān)特征描述 .....................................................................5第一節(jié) 有關(guān)產(chǎn)品的特征描述 ...............................................................................5第二節(jié) 中國電冰箱行業(yè)描述 ...............................................................................7第二章 電冰箱行業(yè)競爭態(tài)勢分析 ...........................................................................15第一節(jié) 市場需求的現(xiàn)狀與展望 .........................................................................15第二節(jié) 市場結(jié)構(gòu)分析 .........................................................................................21第三節(jié) 市場行為分析 .........................................................................................26第三章 電冰箱在位企業(yè)研究 ...................................................................................30第一節(jié) 在位企業(yè)的變遷 .....................................................................................30第二節(jié) 國際與非國際品牌企業(yè)群分析 .............................................................31第三節(jié) 在位企業(yè)分類研究 .................................................................................35第四章 電冰箱在位企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略分析與選擇 ...............................................................40第一節(jié) 產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境掃描 .........................................................................................40第二節(jié) 在位企業(yè)中存有普遍性的戰(zhàn)略問題討論 .............................................43第三節(jié) 在位企業(yè)所面臨的特殊性戰(zhàn)略問題討論 .............................................50第四節(jié)