【正文】 合成催化劑都易受硫化物毒害而失去活性，必須將硫化物除凈。以固體燃料為原料時(shí)，可用間歇?dú)饣蜻B續(xù)氣化制水煤氣。轉(zhuǎn)化爐設(shè)置有輻射室與對(duì)流室，在高溫，催化劑存在下進(jìn)行烴類蒸氣轉(zhuǎn)化反應(yīng)。天然氣、石腦油、重油、煤及其加工產(chǎn)品（焦炭、焦?fàn)t煤氣）、乙炔尾氣等均可作為生產(chǎn)甲醇合成氣的原料。 目前工業(yè)上幾乎都是采用一氧化碳、二氧化碳加壓催化氫化法合成甲醇。但它具有上述優(yōu)點(diǎn)，國(guó)外在這方面的研究—直沒有中斷。而使原料和產(chǎn)品受到很大損失。氯甲烷水解法也可以生產(chǎn)甲醇，但因水解法價(jià)格昂貴，沒有得到工業(yè)上的應(yīng)用。隨著當(dāng)今世界石油資源的日益減少和甲醇生產(chǎn)成本的降低, 用甲醇作為新的石化原料來(lái)源已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢(shì)。甲醇具有毒性，內(nèi)服有失明的危險(xiǎn)。℃，℃，℃，自燃點(diǎn)47℃，（20℃/4℃），爆炸極限下限6%，%，能與水、乙醇、乙醚、苯、丙酮和大多數(shù)有機(jī)溶劑相混溶。我國(guó)是一個(gè)富煤、少氣、缺油的國(guó)家，合成法制甲醇的原料是煤，或者是石油，或者是天然氣，所以，考慮到國(guó)家能源安全的問題，我國(guó)大力發(fā)展以煤為原料合成甲醇。它是重要的化工原料和清潔燃料，用途廣泛，在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有十分重要的地位。由于本人水平有限，文中錯(cuò)誤疏漏之處在所難免，還望讀者不吝賜教。甲醇的工藝設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于甲醇實(shí)際生產(chǎn)是必不可少的，為此我們進(jìn)行了此次設(shè)計(jì)。隨著當(dāng)今世界石油資源的日益減少和甲醇單位成本的降低，用甲醇作為新的石化原料來(lái)源已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢(shì)。 Synthesis。關(guān)鍵詞：甲醇；聯(lián)醇；合成；精餾AbstractMethanol is a kind of important organic chemical raw material, it can be used to produce a series of organic chemical products, like formaldehyde, synthetic rubber, monomethylamine, choromethane and acetic acid so on. In fact, there are many processes for methanol synthesis, while bined methanol production makes full use of the process units of the synthesis ammonia, only 2 sets of equipments for methanol synthesis and rectification are needed to produce methanol.The design of methanol, carbinol industry properties, production methods, materials and site selection and environmental protection to a simple, and through the whole process of coal gasification, and gas desulfurization, transform, decarburization, syngas pression, methanol synthesis and methanol distillation eight aspects were introduced in the paper. Annual 30kt coarse methanol from raw materials to the final product were described in detail.The design process of methanol synthesis, distillation process of calculation, process units calculation for the material balance calculation and heat equilibrium calculation. The main content of the process of calculation is about in the whole process of mass, including the main material of import and export of equipment material quality conservation and heat equilibrium calculation and heat transmission equipment of the calculation, like the condenser of the calculation. In addition to the selection of equipment do condensator, the methanol synthesis and distillation units equipment checklists, methanol synthesis distillation units, process piping material flow chart, equipment and instrument and piping layout plans were drawn.Keywords：Methanol。本設(shè)計(jì)過程進(jìn)行了甲醇合成、精餾工段的工藝計(jì)算，工藝計(jì)算為物料平衡計(jì)算和熱量平衡計(jì)算，主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于整個(gè)工藝過程中的物料質(zhì)量守恒和物料熱量守恒，包括主要設(shè)備的進(jìn)出口的物料質(zhì)量守恒和物料熱量守恒以及一些換熱設(shè)備的計(jì)算，如冷凝器的計(jì)算。本設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)甲醇性質(zhì)用途，國(guó)內(nèi)外甲醇工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀，生產(chǎn)方法、原料及廠址選擇以及環(huán)保做了簡(jiǎn)單介紹，并且通過全廠工藝流程概述、煤的氣化、氣體的脫硫、變換、脫碳、合成氣壓縮、甲醇合成以及甲醇精餾八個(gè)方面。 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書題 目：30kt/a粗甲醇聯(lián)醇法合成、精餾工藝設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名：學(xué) 院：化工學(xué)院系 別：化學(xué)工程系專 業(yè)：化學(xué)工程與工藝班 級(jí)：指導(dǎo)教師： 摘 要甲醇是一種重要的有機(jī)化工原料，應(yīng)用廣泛，可以用來(lái)生產(chǎn)甲醛、合成橡膠、甲胺、氯甲烷、醋酸等一系列有機(jī)化工產(chǎn)品。生產(chǎn)甲醇的方法很多，聯(lián)醇生產(chǎn)充分利用了現(xiàn)有合成氨生產(chǎn)裝置，只需增添甲醇合成與精餾兩套設(shè)備就可生產(chǎn)甲醇。詳細(xì)的闡述了30kt/a粗甲醇從原料到最終產(chǎn)品的工藝路線。除此之外還繪制了設(shè)備一覽表、物料流程圖、甲醇合成、精餾工段工藝管道及儀表流程圖、甲醇合成、精餾工段設(shè)備布置圖。 Combined methanol production。 Distillation目 錄引 言..................................................................1第一章 甲醇概況.........................................................2 甲醇性質(zhì)及用途..................................................2 甲醇生產(chǎn)方法簡(jiǎn)介................................................2第二章 原料及廠址的選擇.................................................4 原料的選擇......................................................4 生產(chǎn)甲醇的原料............................................4 原料路線確定依據(jù)..........................................4 原料的來(lái)源及運(yùn)輸貯存......................................4 廠址方案........................................................5第三章 工藝路線.........................................................6 全廠工藝流程概述................................................6 煤的氣化........................................................6 氣體的脫硫......................................................7 概述......................................................7 濕式栲膠法脫硫特點(diǎn)........................................8 變換............................................................8 概述......................................................8 變換工藝流程..............................................8 脫碳............................................................9 概述......................................................9 脫碳方法..................................................9 合成氣壓縮......................................................9 甲醇合成.......................................................10 甲醇合成工藝原理.........................................10 甲醇合成技術(shù).............................................11 甲醇精餾.......................................................11 概述.....................................................11 甲醇精餾原理.............................................12 三塔精餾和雙塔精餾的比較.................................12 雙塔精餾工藝流程簡(jiǎn)述.....................................12第四章 環(huán)境保護(hù)........................................................14 環(huán)保治理措施...................................................14 預(yù)期效果.......................................................14第五章 甲醇合成工序工藝計(jì)算............................................15 甲醇合成物料衡算...............................................15 設(shè)計(jì)條件及數(shù)據(jù)處理.......................................15 熱量衡算.......................................................25 甲醇合成塔熱量平衡計(jì)算...................................25 甲醇水冷凝器的熱量平衡計(jì)算...............................27第六章 甲醇精餾工序工藝計(jì)算............................................30 預(yù)塔物料、熱量衡算.............................................30 預(yù)塔物料衡算.............................................30 預(yù)塔熱量衡算.............................................31 冷卻水量計(jì)算.............................................33 主塔物料、熱量衡算.............................................33 主塔物料衡算..............................................33 主塔熱量衡算..............................................34 冷卻水量計(jì)算..............................................37第七章 冷凝器的設(shè)計(jì)....................................................39結(jié) 論............................................................