【正文】 at this method can accurately extract surface tiny deformation of the bridge.Key words：3D laser scanning technology。 point cloud data。 surface fitting。目 錄摘 要 ..............................................................................................................................IABSTRACT.................................................................................................................II目 錄 ...........................................................................................................................III第一章 緒論 ..................................................................................................................1 課題研究背景及意義 .............................................................................................................1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 .....................................................................................................................2 國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................................3 國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................................5 當(dāng)前研究的不足 ..............................................................................................................7 本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及技術(shù)路線(xiàn) .............................................................................................7 本文研究?jī)?nèi)容 ..................................................................................................................7 本文技術(shù)路線(xiàn) ..................................................................................................................8 論文組織結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................................................................................10第二章 三維激光掃描系統(tǒng)及影響點(diǎn)云精度因素分析 ............................................11 地面三維激光掃描系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)及性能指標(biāo) ...........................................................................11 地面三維激光掃描系統(tǒng)分類(lèi) ........................................................................................11 地面三維激光掃描儀性能指標(biāo) ....................................................................................13 地面三維激光掃描系統(tǒng)原理 ...............................................................................................14 三維激光掃描系統(tǒng)的組成 ............................................................................................14 地面三維激光掃描系統(tǒng)原理 ........................................................................................15 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器介紹 .......................................................................................................................18 Trimble GXTM 三維激光掃描系統(tǒng)介紹 ........................................................................18 Trimble GXTM 三維激光掃描系統(tǒng)軟件 ........................................................................19 Trimble GXTM 三維激光掃描數(shù)據(jù)格式 ........................................................................21 影響點(diǎn)云精度因素分析 .......................................................................................................21 測(cè)量距離和角度影響 ....................................................................................................22 點(diǎn)云厚度與亮度影響 ....................................................................................................22 目標(biāo)物體反射表面粗糙程度的影響 ............................................................................23 邊緣效應(yīng) ........................................................................................................................24 激光光束不均勻 ............................................................................................................25 外界環(huán)境的影響 ............................................................................................................26 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析 .......................................................................................................................27 本章小結(jié) ...............................................................................................................................32第三章 橋梁監(jiān)測(cè)方案設(shè)計(jì)與數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理研究 ........................................................33 橋梁變形監(jiān)測(cè)方案設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................................33 變形監(jiān)測(cè)方案流程 ........................................................................................................33 點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)獲取步驟 ........................................................................................................35 橋梁變形監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理 ...................................................................................................36 點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)去噪 ................................................................................................................36 特征點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換 ............................................................................................................37 點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)配準(zhǔn) ................................................................................................................42 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析 .......................................................................................................................44 本章小結(jié) ...............................................................................................................................48第四章 基于點(diǎn)云的橋梁變形分析方法研究 ............................................................49 基于曲面擬合的橋梁變形研究 ...........................................................................................49 平面以及二次曲面擬合 ................................................................................................49 基于曲面擬合的變形分析方法 ....................................................................................53 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析 ................................................................................................................54 基于 ICP 配準(zhǔn)算法的橋梁變形提取 ...................................................................................56 ICP 配準(zhǔn)算法原理 .........................................................................................................56 基于 ICP 算法的變形量提取步驟 ................................