【正文】
entinclude“agreement”thecolloquial”[Inaagreementnotagreement,is(EveryEd.)對agreement和contractLawEd.California,BarTheAboutImistakeiftheoutcanmistake,ancontract如:IfDictionary)。(TheA在英語法律用語中雖然多用agreement來解釋contract,其實也有偶用contract解釋agreement的情形,如:Agreement... promises.(設(shè)立法律關(guān)系的意愿:合同具有法律上的執(zhí)行力,不同于純粹的無償贈與的允諾。mereenforceable,isalegaltobargainthatthe,What,Whatprotheboth(協(xié)議:基于要約與承諾形成對條款的相互一致而存在;)(2)Consideration—givenoffer。aacceptanceaexiststerms,overonTurner在其編撰的ContractContract(合同)和Agreement(協(xié)議)到底能不能相互替換呢?讓我們來看看英文合同相關(guān)書籍和詞典的說法。) ofandofdealing,coursecircumstances,frombylanguageinasactual)(2)Thepersons.orbymutualmanifestationfuturepastobligationsdutiestheirpersonsorbetweenmutualEd.)Lawdone.”(是對已做和待做的有關(guān)事宜以口頭或書面形式做出的相同意思表示或該意思表示的證據(jù)。todonetoform,orinsuchevidenceminds,consensusof至于agreement,.pact. ofathingdonotdopartiesorbetweenenforceable(8)Loosely, conveyance。sale(7)Loosely, term。anyagreementof(6)The andwithlawbodycourt。oforacreatedaoftheimposeddutiessetdutyanyduty;(作者注:與《美國法律重述合同法第二次匯編》中“contract”的定義相同。aswayintheoftheremedy,givestheofforofapromise,agreement。suchsetwritinglaw。recognizableorareobligationspartiesoragreementEd.)中對contractLaw(對合同方具有法律上約束力,可由法院或其他同等管轄地強制執(zhí)行的協(xié)議。equivalentoraenforcedthereforewhichlawboundbothbytwoagreementLaw中對contract所做的定義更為具體明了。Chrisobligations”。creatingbindingLaw中被概括為“ACurzon編撰的Dictionary1992)。3rdLindsay,G.oronemadebindingofapartiesorbetweenbindingacontract但一般而言,contract乃兩個以上當事人間具有法律約束力之協(xié)議,或由一個以上當事人所為一組具有法律約束力之允諾。所編著的LawH.違反此一允諾時,法律給予救濟;或其允諾之履行,法律在某些情況下視之為一項義務(wù)。duty.”aswayintheoftheremedy,givestheofforofapromise,is1)將合同定義為:“AContracts,《美國法律重述合同法第二次匯編》(Restatement(Second)obligations.) rightsmutualandestablishing,purposeforotherpersonspersons,equalagreementsLawinreferredrelationship.)《中華人民共和國合同法》第2條規(guī)定:“合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的協(xié)議。theirorestablish,theagreementbecontract那么contract和agreement是一回事嗎?它們之間又有什么關(guān)系呢?《中華人民共和國民法通則》第85條規(guī)定:“合同是當事人之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事關(guān)系的協(xié)議。and(但我要與你立約,你以及你的兒子、妻子和兒媳,要與你一同進入方舟。shalt為古英語用法,相當于現(xiàn)代英語中的shall。thou在古英語里表示you的主格形式,相當于漢語中的汝,爾,你。wivesthywife,andthythou,theethoumyItheeBut西方早在《圣經(jīng)》中就有關(guān)于上帝在西乃山與以色列人立約的記載。 “約”者即共同商定的事,共同議定要遵守的條文,如和約、條約等。古代典籍中常見此語,如《易合同,古稱契約(港臺現(xiàn)仍多用此語)。 英文合同解讀:語用、條款及文本范例 Contracts Understanding 第一章英文合同概述 (尼西米記9:38,《圣經(jīng)》新國際版) 因這一切的事,我們立確實的約,寫在冊上。 NIV) 9:38,totheirareourLevitesourwriting,itagreement,aareallviewGeneral 第一章英文合同概述 Usage) 幫助中心 英文合同解讀:語用、條款及文本范例語用篇(Language退出 購物車 窗體底端窗體頂端用戶名: 密碼: 驗證碼: 公司上市司法考試勞動合同消費維權(quán)LOI 采購意向書格式LETTER OF INTENT (LOI) We,______________________, hereby that we are ready willing and able under the act of perjury to purchase the following modity as specified below and that funding is available. PRODUCT: SPECIFICATIONS: QUANTITY: DESTINATION PORT: DELIVERY TERMS: SIZE OF SHIPMENT: PACKING: DISCHARGE RATE IN PORT DESTINATION: TERMS OF PAYMENT: PERFORMANCE BOND: BANK COORDINATES: TARGET PRICE: COMPANY DETAILS網(wǎng)站首頁銷售中心熱門新書圖書暢銷榜特價書精彩評論圖書分類五星圖書榜專題中心團購精彩章節(jié)欣賞音像制品窗體頂端熱門搜索詞:||| 窗體底端歡迎您, 藏書閣 andIntroduction Inofthis,wemakingbindingputtinginandleaders,ourandpriestsaffixingsealsit. (NehemiahBIBLE我們的首領(lǐng),利未人,和祭司都簽了名。English“契”者即證券,證明買賣、抵押、租賃等關(guān)系的文書,如契據(jù)、房契等。系辭》就有“后時圣人易之以書契”?!度龂萘x》中就有“昔高祖約法三章,黎民皆感其德”。諾亞方舟就是借上帝與諾亞的契約而建造的。withwillestablishcovenant。andshaltintoark,andsons,thyandsonswith的賓格形式。thy則是thou的所有格形式。) 第一節(jié)合同與協(xié)議(ContractAgreement) 在現(xiàn)代英語合同中,合同一般稱為contract,協(xié)議一般稱為agreement。”(Ashallanwherebypartieschangeterminatecivil”(ContractstothisarebetweennaturallegalandorganizationstheofalteringterminatingcivilandofSectioncontractaorsetpromises,breachwhichlawaorperformancewhichlawsomerecognizesa(合同乃為一個允諾或一組允諾。)這一定義亦為StevenGiftsDictionary完全引述。(AislegallyagreementtwomoreorsetlegalpromisesbypartyC.Contract,Ed..oflegallyagreementenforceableTurner在其編撰的Contract他認為“合同”就是“anbetweenpartieswhichareinandcanbeincourtotherforum”。) 在BlacksDictionary(8th的定義多達8項: (1)Antwomorecreatingthatenforceableotherwiseat (2)Thethatforthan (3)Aorsetpromises,breachwhichlawaorperformancewhichlawsomerecognizesa) (4)Broadly,legalorofnotbylawtort。esp.,dutybydecreedeclarationa (5)Theofdealingagreementexchange。termanorparticularaoranagreementtwomoretoortoaorsetthings。aCurzon的DictionaryLaw將其定義為:“Aoforofconsensus,spokenwrittenrelatinganythingorbe) BlacksDictionary(8th對agreement下了兩個定義:(1)Aunderstandingtwomoreaboutrelativeandregardingorperformances。aofassenttwomore(雙方或多方就過去或?qū)淼南嚓P(guān)職責(zé)和義務(wù)的履行而達成相互的理解;雙方或多方相互達成一致的表現(xiàn)形式。Partiesbargainfoundtheirorimplicationotherincludingofusagetradecourseperformance.(即當事人通過語言或其他情形暗示而確立的實際約定,包括交易常例、貿(mào)易習(xí)慣以及履行慣例。 ChrisLaw中將合同的成立表述為三個基本要素,即:(1)Agreement—basedmutualitytheagreementwhenvalidfollowsvalidbysides,quidquo拉丁語,即for相等的補償或者報酬;交換條件;對價。andprooftheexists。(約因:雙方付出的對價及對價存在的證據(jù);)(3)Intentioncreaterelations—sincecontractlegallyunlikegratuitous) 這里也是用agreement來解釋contract的,認為合同是一種符合一定條件的協(xié)議。(2)contractLaw我們甚至可以找到agreement和contract在同一句中交替使用的實例。thecontainsinnocentyougetofagreementtheisShouldKnowContracts,Stateof2nd1984. BlacksDictionary(8th的關(guān)系做出了精辟的闡述,指出“每一份合同均是一份協(xié)議,但是并非每一份協(xié)議均構(gòu)成一份合同”。contractanbuteveryiscontract.)該辭典進一步指出:“協(xié)議一詞