【正文】 生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用放頂煤液壓支架的國家，20世紀(jì)60年代法國率先研制出節(jié)式放頂煤液壓支架，開采特厚煤層并獲得成功，70年代法國、英國、匈牙利、原聯(lián)邦德國和前蘇聯(lián)等國家又先后研制出插板式、開天窗式和開后門式放頂煤液壓支架，使得特厚煤層開采工藝有了新的突破，量和效率不斷提高。目前，在我國煤礦高位和中位放頂煤支架已被淘汰，在放頂煤工作面推廣使用的主導(dǎo)架型有正連桿四柱支撐掩護(hù)式低位放頂煤支架、反向四連桿四柱支撐掩護(hù)式低位放頂煤支架和單擺桿四柱支撐掩護(hù)式低位放頂煤支架[7]。 放頂煤液壓支架的發(fā)展歷史 放頂煤支架是綜采放頂煤技術(shù)的核心設(shè)備。3 對防火，防塵的要求高。2 依靠礦壓自動破煤，大大減少設(shè)備的動力。 caving agency.目 錄 摘 要 shield beam。 column。關(guān)鍵字：低位放頂煤液壓支架；立柱；頂梁；掩護(hù)梁；底座；放煤機(jī)構(gòu)。本次設(shè)計(jì)，通過任務(wù)書的要求，設(shè)計(jì)適用于煤層厚度為5~12米滿足底板和頂板要求的的低位放頂煤液壓支架。縱觀世界液壓支架的發(fā)展歷史，從1854年英國率先研制成功了液壓支架到現(xiàn)在，液壓支架的設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)已經(jīng)基本成熟。后四連桿低位放頂煤液壓支架畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書摘 要液壓支架是機(jī)械化采煤的重要設(shè)備之一，為此對它的設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)有重大的意義。通過對現(xiàn)有低位放頂煤液壓支架的分析，優(yōu)勢對比，設(shè)計(jì)出適合的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，最后對立柱、頂梁、掩護(hù)梁和底座進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算。 Abstract Throughout the development of hydraulic support world history, from 1854 developed the first successful English hydraulic support to the present, hydraulic support design and development has been basically mature. Mechanized coal mining hydraulic support is one of the important equipment, for its design and development of great significance. The design, through the mission statement of requirements, design suitable for seam thickness of 5 to 12 meters to meet the requirements of floor and roof caving hydraulic support low.Through the existing lowlevel caving hydraulic support analysis, advantages pared to design a suitable structure, the last of columns, roof beams, beam shield, the base for the strength check calculation.Keywords: Low caving hydraulic support。 roof beams。 base。 IAbstract II第1章 緒論 1 放頂煤綜采法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 1 放頂煤液壓支架的發(fā)展歷史 1 放頂煤液壓支架結(jié)構(gòu)的基本特點(diǎn) 2 放頂煤液壓支架的分類 2 3 放頂煤液壓支架使用條件 3 放頂煤液壓支架適用范圍 3第2章 支架的總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 4 4 支架結(jié)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì) 4 中反四連桿放頂煤液壓支架 4 中正四連桿低位放頂煤液壓支架 5 中四連桿低位放頂煤液壓支架 6第3章 液壓支架的整體結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸設(shè)計(jì) 9 液壓支架設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求和基本參數(shù) 9 9 9 10 支架高度 10 支架的伸縮比 11 支架間距的確定 12 底座長度的確定 12 頂梁長度的確定 13 頂梁的長度計(jì)算 13 頂梁寬度 14 頂梁覆蓋率 14 15 支架立柱數(shù)的確定 15 支撐方式 16 立柱間距 16 立柱柱窩位置的確定 16第4章 液壓支架的部件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 17 頂梁 17 立柱 17 掩護(hù)梁 17 四連桿機(jī)構(gòu) 18 四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的作用 18 四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的幾何特征 18 用幾何作圖法來設(shè)計(jì)四連桿機(jī)構(gòu) 19 底座 23 側(cè)護(hù)板 23 千斤頂 24 推移千斤頂 24 側(cè)推千斤頂 24 前梁千斤頂 24 24 后推移輸送機(jī)千斤頂 25 放煤機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 26第5章 液壓支架受力分析 27 27 27 27 移駕力和推溜力 28 支柱及相關(guān)液壓系統(tǒng)參數(shù)確定 28 液壓支架立柱強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 31 31 32 33 缸體的強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 37 37 液壓支架受力分析 38 40 前梁受力分析 41 頂梁受力分析 41 掩護(hù)梁受力分析 43 支架底座受力分析 44第6章 支架強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 47 47 液壓支架的強(qiáng)度校核 49 49 53 底座的強(qiáng)度校核 59 65結(jié) 論 72致 謝 73參考文獻(xiàn) 74CONTENTSAbstract IIThe introduction chapter 1 1 advantages and disadvantages of the caving fully mechanized method 1 development history of the caving hydraulic support 1 basic characteristics of the caving hydraulic support structure 2 The classification of the caving hydraulic support 2 caving hydraulic support use conditions and applicable scope 3 The caving hydraulic support conditions of use 3 The caving hydraulic support scope 3Overall design of bracket of chapter 2 4 Design task 4 Support structure design 4 In the four connecting rod caving hydraulic support 4 Chiang kaishek fourbar low caving hydraulic support 5 In the four connecting rod caving hydraulic support low 6Chapter 3, the overall structure size of the hydraulic support design 99 The basic requirement of the hydraulic support design and basic parameters 9 The design of hydraulic support 9 The design of hydraulic support basic requirements 9 The parameters of the hydraulic support 10 Bracket height 10 Stent expansion ratio 11 Stent spacing is determined 12 determination of base length 12 Determination of top beam length 13 The length of the top beam is calculated 13 Top beam width 14 Top beam coverage 14 column position 15 Stents, determine the number of columns 15 Strut way 16 Column spacing 16 Column column nest position 16Chapter 4 of the hydraulic support parts structure design 17 Top beam 17 Column 17 Cover beam 17 The four bar linkage 18 role of the four bar linkage 18 geometrical characteristics of the four bar linkage 18 geometric mapping method to design a four bar linkage 19 The base 23 The side guard 23 Jack 24 Goes on jack 24 Side pushing jack 24 Before jack liang 24 Protection to help jack 24 After jack goes on conveyor 25 Coal mechanism design 26Chapter 5 hydraulic support force analysis 27 The determination of hydraulic support basic technical parameters 27 Support strength 27 The early support force 27 Shift driving force and pushing force 28 Pillar and the related parameters in the hydraulic system 28 Hydraulic support pillar strength calculation 31 known parameters 31 cylinder stability calculation 32 strength of the piston rod is calculated 33 The strength of the cylinder block 37 technical parameters of hydraulic support 37 Hydraulic support force analysis 38 the overall stress analysis 40 Before the beam force analysis 41 Top beam force analysis 41 Cover the beam stress analysis 43 Support base of stress analysis 44Chapter 6 stent strength calculation 47 Strength condition 47 Hydraulic support intensity 49 Liang Liang intensity 49 beam intensity 53 strength of the base respectively 59 beam intensity 65Conclusion 72Acknowledgements 73Bibliography 74VIII第1章 緒論 放頂煤綜采法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1 生產(chǎn)集中化程度高，大大減少采區(qū)數(shù)目與工作面的巷道掘進(jìn)量，以及相應(yīng)的支護(hù)，維護(hù)等工作量與材料消耗。缺點(diǎn)：1煤的回收率一般較分層開采時低2 易使頂板矸石與放落的頂煤相混合，使煤的含矸率增加。4 受頂板和煤層特性的限制，工作面推進(jìn)速度也受一定的限制。自20世紀(jì)70年代以來，我國放頂煤支架經(jīng)歷了從引進(jìn)國外的高位開天窗式單輸送機(jī)放頂煤支架和中位開天窗式雙輸送機(jī)放頂煤支架，到自行研制的四柱支撐掩護(hù)式低位放頂煤支架的發(fā)展過程，每一次架型的重大改革都帶來了放頂煤技術(shù)的重大進(jìn)步，成為放頂煤技術(shù)發(fā)展階段的標(biāo)志。這三種型式的支架在不同的開采條件下取得良好的效果，為放頂煤技術(shù)的發(fā)展提供了裝備技術(shù)的保證。我國放頂煤液壓支架的研究始于20世