【正文】 中國政法大學(xué)出版社2000年版，第522頁。在本文中，筆者在借鑒外國以及港、澳、臺(tái)立法的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國的實(shí)際情況，就我國婚姻家庭立法中增設(shè)別居制度進(jìn)行研究和探討，并就未來我國建立別居制度提出粗淺的構(gòu)想和建議。它是在保留婚姻關(guān)系的前提之下，依法院判決或雙方協(xié)議免除夫妻同居義務(wù)的一項(xiàng)法律制度。如何能解決上述這些問題呢？筆者認(rèn)為別居制度是解決上述這些問題的一個(gè)較好方法。我國婚姻法將夫妻因感情不和，分居滿兩年的情形作為法定離婚理由之一，然而在實(shí)務(wù)中，由于婚姻生活的隱蔽性，對(duì)于分居事實(shí)的認(rèn)定，分居時(shí)間的起算，分居期間父母對(duì)子女的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，分居期間夫妻的共同財(cái)產(chǎn)，分居期間家事代理權(quán)，均沒有相應(yīng)的規(guī)定，極大增加了夫妻關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性。隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們的愛情觀、婚姻觀、家庭觀呈現(xiàn)多元化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 Marriage。s national conditions, in order to build an characteristic separation system in our country. Keywords: Live Apart。s mediation system in the procedure. It discusses that our marriage legislation should apply the judicial separation system and proposes shallow ideas and suggestions for the establishment of that. This paper consists of four parts. The first part is an overview of separation system. Firstly, I have had a brief description of the origin, the concept of elements and the species of the separation system. On the clear definition of separation system basis, then I have pared with other systems, trying to find the legislative intent and to clarify the context of its development.The second part is our country’s legislative inspiration from foreign countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions. By paring the continental law system and mon law system, referring to the legislation of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, on the basis of drawing on advanced theory, so that we could find the rule and absorb their quintessence. And in bination with our country’ characteristics, I put forward some suggestions so as to improve China39。s experience, this paper bines with China39。s Marriage Law, the feelings of marital discord, separation for two years is thought as one of the statutory grounds for divorce. However, in the actual legal affairs, there were no corresponding provisions for the verification of the separation, separation of the time, the rights and obligations for their children, the couple39。關(guān)鍵詞：別居 別居制度 婚姻制度 立法構(gòu)想Discussion on the Construction of Separation System in ChinaMajor: Master of LawPostgraduate student：Zhang Zhe Tutor：Professor Zhao XiaopingJudicial separation system originates in ancient Rome, which is originally the product of the prohibit divorce socialist. Along with the reformation of religion and the change of the marriage concept, it is endowed with new connotation and function and plays an immeasurable role in the modern marriage system. In today39。第四部分是對(duì)我國別居制度的立法構(gòu)想。第三部分是我國別居制度的必要性和可行性。第二部分是國外及港、澳、臺(tái)地區(qū)的別居制度對(duì)我國的立法啟示。本文共有四個(gè)部分，第一部分是別居制度概述。本文通過分析比較國外與港、澳、臺(tái)別居制度的立法實(shí)踐，以及別居制度在我國的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并結(jié)合我國的國情，重點(diǎn)分析了我國建立別居制度的必要性和可行性，在程序上，試著將別居制度與我國的調(diào)解制度相銜接。雖然我國沒有別居制度，但是我國婚姻法把夫妻因感情不和，分居滿兩年的作為法定的離婚理由之一。論我國別居制度的構(gòu)建專業(yè)：法律碩士研究生：張哲 指導(dǎo)教師：趙小平副教授別居制度起源于古羅馬，原是禁止離婚主義的產(chǎn)物，伴隨著宗教的改革和婚姻觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變，它被賦予新的內(nèi)涵和功能，發(fā)揮了不可估量的作用。在大多數(shù)國家對(duì)離婚制度實(shí)行婚姻破裂主義為主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的今天，現(xiàn)代別居制度是離婚制度的補(bǔ)充，亦是證明婚姻破裂的一種重要方式。然而在實(shí)務(wù)中，由于婚姻生活的隱蔽性，對(duì)于分居事實(shí)的認(rèn)定，分居時(shí)間的起算，分居期間父母對(duì)子女的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，分居期間夫妻的共同財(cái)產(chǎn)，分居期間家事代理權(quán)，均沒有相應(yīng)的規(guī)定，這不僅給司法實(shí)踐操作帶來很大的困難，也極大了增加了夫妻關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性，不利于和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)建。論述了未來我國婚姻立法中應(yīng)引用別居制度，并就未來我國建立別居制度提出粗淺的構(gòu)想和建議。首先對(duì)別居制度的起源、概念、構(gòu)成要件、種類進(jìn)行簡單敘述，在明確界定別居的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)而對(duì)別居制度和其他制度加以比較，力圖發(fā)覺其立法原意并理清其發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。通過對(duì)比大陸法系和英美法系兩種制度，以及參考港、澳、臺(tái)地區(qū)別居制度立法，在借鑒先進(jìn)理論的基礎(chǔ)上，以期從中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律，取其精華，并結(jié)合我國的特點(diǎn)，提出建議，進(jìn)而來完善我國的婚姻家庭法。在結(jié)合我國國情的基礎(chǔ)上，提出建立別居制度的必要性；在我國已有的深厚的別居理論基礎(chǔ)和大量的別居實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步來論證別居制度在我國建立的可行性。在從歷史的角度分析別居制度，對(duì)比國外和港、澳、臺(tái)地區(qū)別居制度的立法以及論述別居制度在我國存在的必要性和可行性之后，在結(jié)合我國國情的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)我國別居制度的構(gòu)建提出一些粗淺的立法建議，以期構(gòu)建具有我國特色的別居制度。s society, most countries can judge divorce when marriage is broken. Judicial separation system in modern times is a plement to divorce system and also an important way of marriage breakdown. Although there has been no separation system, due to China39。s mon property, the family agency during the period of separation. This is not only puts the operation of the judicial practice into great difficulties, but also greatly increases the plexity of the relationship between husband and wife, which is not conducive to build a harmonious society. By paring separation system of legislative practice in foreign country, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as well as other separation system in China39。s national conditions and focuses on analyzing the necessity and feasibility to establish the separation system in China. The paper also tries linking up with judicial separation system and China39。s Marriage Law.The third part is the necessity and feasibility of our separation system. Combining with the actual situation in China, I have put forward the necessity of building our separation system. We have had profound theoretical basis and a large number of such practices, further to prove the feasibility of establishing that in China.The fourth part is the idea of the legislation of our country’s separation system. After analysing the separation system from a historical point, contrasting the legislation of foreign countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and discussing the necessity and feasibility of building it, I have put forward some superficial legislative proposals to build it in China on the basis of China39。 The Separation System。 Legislation Idea目 錄1綜 述 12別居制度概述 1 1 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 9 9 93國外及港、澳、臺(tái)地區(qū)別居制度的立法 10 10 12 13 14 14 16 164我國建立別居的制度的必要性和可行性 17 17 17 18 20 20 21 23 23 245建立我國別居制度的立法構(gòu)想 25 25 25 26 27 27 286結(jié) 語 29主要參考文獻(xiàn) 30聲 明 32致 謝 3334 / 401綜 述家庭是社會(huì)的細(xì)胞，和諧社會(huì)離不開家庭和諧，而家庭和諧的基本條件是夫妻關(guān)系和諧。離婚手續(xù)的簡化，不僅使“閃婚”，“閃離”等婚姻現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在人們的視野， 還帶來了單親家庭子女的增多，極大的影響了社會(huì)的不穩(wěn)定性。這不僅給司法實(shí)踐操作帶來很大困難，也不利于和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)建。別居，又稱不完全離婚，亦稱桌床離異，是外國親屬法或婚姻家庭法中的一項(xiàng)重要制度。我國雖不具備別居制度產(chǎn)生的歷史條件，但并不意味著我國不可以在法律上增設(shè)別居制度，因?yàn)橐豁?xiàng)制度的好壞不在于它產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)，而在于它在社會(huì)中所起的作用。2別居制度概述“別居，又稱不完全離婚，亦稱桌床離異，是依判決或合意免除夫妻同居義務(wù)的制度，是外國親屬法或婚姻家庭法中的一項(xiàng)重要制度。它最早萌芽于《漢謨拉比法典》，該法典第148條規(guī)定，男子娶妻后，以妻生病另娶他女者，得娶之；但不得與其在病之妻離婚。第149條規(guī)定，該婦居夫家有不滿意時(shí)，夫應(yīng)歸還其由父家攜來之妝奩，任其離去。這些法條隱約反映出別居發(fā)生的理由和別居期間財(cái)產(chǎn)處理的問題?！?參見謝邦宇等：《羅馬法》，北京：群眾出版社1983版，第104頁。因此女方每年連續(xù)外宿三夜的行為，即是一種別居行為。在《新舊約全書》“辯論休妻”一節(jié)中，敘述了耶穌和一個(gè)法拉利賽人的談話，這段話說明夫妻二人是一體的，夫妻的結(jié)合是由神予以安排的，因此二人不可分開?！币d說：“摩西因?yàn)槟銈冃挠?，所以寫這條條例給你們，但從起初創(chuàng)造的時(shí)候，神造人事造男造女。既然如此，夫妻不再是兩個(gè)人，乃是一體的了，所以神配合的，人不可分開。從基督教義的精